Formation of executive power vertical in Russia in 1990-1993: regional aspect

The Perestroika reforms of the late 1980s in all the spheres of public life begancardinal transformation of the system of public authorities of Russia. Revival of the principle of sovereignty of the Councils andintroduction of local government as an alternative of administration from above became the main content of reforms. Registration of theRussian statehood took place on June 12, 1990 when the I Congress of People's Deputies of RSFSR accepted the Declaration on thestate sovereignty and some other documents, in which the principle of division of the authorities entered the political system of thecountry, as a basis of the democratic organisation of the state without essential changes of the Soviet political system. But, despite thedeclaration of independence, Russia did not develop a complete concept of reforms of all spheres of public life. The tendency tocombine principles of sovereignty of the Councils and division of power when developing conceptual documents regulating the activityof bodies of the central and regional powers is distinctly traced. The created power structure based on submission of executivecommittees to the Councils only revealed the practical shortcomings of the system. The Councils were not adapted for operativeadministrative activity, and to ensure social and economic transformations in the country the next stage of political reform was carriedout. The institute of the President entered the political system of the country and need of formation of executive power on the basis ofone-man management and vertical hierarchy of its bodies was proved. If organizational problems of formation of the Institute of thePresident and the head of administration of the local government managed to be settled, the agreement over organization of executivepower of regions between various political forces was impossible to achieve. Uncertainty with the order of empowerment of the head ofadministration of regions - appointment or people's vote - became the main problem. Therefore, the introduction of the post of the headof administration appointed by the President at regional levels during the August Putsch of 1991 was one of the emergency measuresdirected at preservation of control of the situation in regions. In the autumn of 1991 on the basis of presidential decrees the vertical ofexecutive power headed by the President who received additional powers for management of the republic was built. Formation of thetwo power verticals - executive and representative - in the conditions of a radical economic reform and continuing uncertainty of theconceptual bases of the Russian statehood caused sharp opposition between the President and the Supreme Council for control over theactivity and formation of the vertical of executive power in Russia. As a result, the President headed for development of the newRussian Constitution and elimination of the system of the Soviet power in the country.

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