Muscular work influence on ventilation parameters and hemodynamics of legs of athletesand untrained individuals

We studied the effect of muscular work on the parameters of external respirationand hemodynamics of the lower extremities of athletes and untrained persons. The study involved 40 men aged 18-20. Athletes underthe influence of muscle work show an increase in the forced vital capacity of lungs in 1 second, maximum expiratory flow and forcedexpiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity of lungs, while the forced expiratory time and the forced vitalcapacity of lungs was not significantly changed. In the control group, however, after the load growth is observed of such indicators asthe forced vital capacity of lungs and forced expiratory time. The study of circulation of the lower limbs showed that the load testPWC170 causes the increase of of arterial blood flow intensity indicators such as the rheographic index, the amplitude-frequencyperformance and rapid blood flow indices. At the same time there is a reduction of the venous component, dicrotic and diastolic indexeswith the increase of the venous outflow. In the leg muscles of athletes after the load test PWC170 we observed a decline in the intensityof both arterial and venous blood flows. In the control group the thigh muscles after the load test PWC170 do not show a significantincrease of the rheographic index, the amplitude-frequency characteristic and dicrotic index. In calf muscles after exercise, on thecontrary, there is an increase of intensity of arterial blood flow and increased venous outflow. Apparently, during the exercise on abicycle ergometer muscles of the hips are mainly involved, and it is in this area that the intensity of arterial blood flow is higher. Thedecrease reflects the venous congestion in the pelvic area - the result of constraint poses in a bicycle seat. Athletes' blood circulatorysystem reaction is optimal: it increases the blood flow in the thigh area where muscles are involved in performing the load. In the calfwe observe a decrease in blood flow. Untrained persons show increased blood flow in all parts of the lower limbs and is not consistentwith the distribution of muscle activity, which makes the reaction of the circulatory system to the load less effective. To sum up, it canbe noted that exercise causes increased functioning of circulatory and respiratory systems, but the nature of the reaction of these systemsto the load for trained and untrained individuals is fundamentally different. Athletes' reaction of the respiratory system is intense, itespecially enhances the speed of the air passage via pneumatic routes, while untrained persons' reaction of the respiratory system is ofextensive nature - it shows in increased volumes. The reaction of the zonal blood flow of athletes differentiated - it occurs mainly in themuscles involved in performing the load. In case of untrained individuals, by contrast, increased blood flow occurs in the whole limb.The results indicate that an important component of physiological mechanisms of endurance is differentiation of regulatory mechanismsof circulatory and respiratory systems.

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