Ecogeographical estimation of soils condition of grape lands in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in Azerbaijan is one of the agro-industrial regions. For the development ofviticulture in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic the main objective is determination of suitable fertile soils for increase of grapesproduction on certain soils. For the successful solution of this task ecological inspections of soils of the Nakhchivan AutonomousRepublic for the purpose of specification of the soil areas for grape lands, working out of a complex of measures to increase the fertilityof soils have great importance. Working out of modern and perspective ecological estimations and soil models for grape lands isnecessary for this purpose. Such direction of research has very big theoretical value. On the basis of our researches the soils of theNakhchivan AR suitable for cultivation of grape cultures have been comparatively estimated. The purpose of soil estimation consists indeveloping a uniform system of quantitative characteristics of soil productivity and principles for the substantiation and keeping of thesoil cadastre. The task of soil estimation consists in the determination and theoretical justification of natural ties between theirproperties, on the one hand, and the soil productivity, on the other. Therefore, properties of soils and average perennial efficiency ofgrape lands have been accepted as a criterion of estimation. To measure the fertility level of various soils estimation scales on thefollowing indicators were made: 1) properties of soils; 2) efficiency of grape lands. The major criteria of soils and fertility modelsestimation are their properties closely correlated with productivity of agrarian cultures, efficiency of grape lands. Special attention wasgiven to working out correlative relations between productivity of grape cultures and ecological estimation of soil properties. Theresearch was carried out on 56060 hectares of grape-suitable soils of the autonomous republic. The soil estimation of grape lands is thecomparative qualitative characteristic of soils correlating with their efficiency. For estimation of grape lands we use ''Methodicalinstructions of soil estimation of grape and tea lands of the Azerbaijan SSR'' (Baku, 1979). Field work on soil estimation was carried outon the basis of reliable soil-cartographic materials. In each separate contour open test pits are made to determine soil composition,thickness of horizons, granulometric composition, reaction (pH), depth of carbonates and groundwater occurrence, erosion degree,salinization and alkalinity degree, hydromorphic degree, soil cultivation degree, expressiveness of relief, stoniness, gritty consistence,etc. In places of the basic cuts soil samples for chemical and granulometric analyses are taken. Analyses of soil samples are carried outat the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of NAS of Azerbaijan and Nakhchivan Design and Exploratory ChemicalizationStation. For an ecological scale the basic soil types of grape lands are chosen on the basis of the soil map taking into account the relief ofthe Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan, the scale 1:600000, mapped by Mammadov, Hajiyev in 2011. As a result of theecological estimation of soil fertility it is possible to avoid additional expenses by grape farms and administrative areas; it is of greatimportance to economy.

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