Soil forming features under different environmental conditionsin anthropogenic landscapes of south Siberia

The problem of environment pollution is most acute at this moment. It is particularly urgent for SouthernSiberia regions, where major industrial and resource centres are concentrated (Kemerovo region, Krasnoyarsk territory, Khakassia andTyva Republics). Main pollution sources in these regions are anthropogenic landscapes, the area of which is several hundred thousandhectares. Decrease of this influence may be achieved either by self-recovery or by reclamation. In both cases forming of the soil coveron the surface of anthropogenic landscapes takes place. Basic rock transformation in the soil-forming process is arranged and directed atmatching the chemical and physical properties of the substratum and the zonal soils. In this connection, a specific feature of immaturesoils of anthropogenic landscapes is that geo-genic factors play a major role in soil-formation (properties of rock, first of all). At thesame time for mature zonal soils environmental conditions are the main factor of soil-formation. Specific features of soil-formationunder different climatic conditions is the aim of the research. The research showed that soil formation on coal-mine dumps in differentclimatic zones varies. Differentiation of immature soil profile into genetic horizons is more expressed in anthropogenic landscapeslocated in the forest-steppe zone. Soil evolution here is at the initial, organic-accumulative, turf stage and reaches the humusaccumulativestage reflecting the zonal soil-formation peculiarities. With the territorial aridity growth, soil evolution decelerates andreaches the turf stage in steppe conditions and organic-accumulative stage in dry-steppe conditions. In the humid climate of KuznetskiyAlatau mountain taiga turf and humus-accumulative soils occur, which later can develop into organic-accumulative ones. Zonal soilformationspecifics consist in the formation of soils with thick eluvial horizon. When estimating the features organic matter systemstransformation in these soils, it should be stressed that the intensity of initial lithogenic components reorganization increases with thegrowth of the climate aridity. At the same time the content of mobile organic compounds increases in soil profile. The processes ofdisintegration of initial rock fragments and, as consequence, fine-dispersed fraction formation are most significant where soil evolutionreaches the turf stage. The intensity of redistribution of the formed units decreases with the decrease of precipitation.

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