Keyword of folk sign: status, properties, specificity (lingo-cultural aspect)

The idea of the keyword is universal: this concept appears in a variety of sciences. Though in each scientific area understanding of the keyword has the nuances and semantic shades, the nuclear component in each case remains invariable: keywords are the basic, most important lexical units "holding" the text unity. The term "keyword" functions in philology, psychology, pedagogics and technique of teaching, even in the field of programming. In the field of linguistic researches keywords are allocated in author's products, cycles of texts or even in discourses. A. Vierzbitska introduced the term "keyword" into linguistic science. Her approach is basic: the researcher uses linguo-cultural point of view when allocating and analysing the key lexicon. Thus, the keyword is not a simple semantic "support" organising the text, it also contains cultural information. It is the linguo-cultural understanding of the nature of the keyword that allows to analyse texts sated with cultural information, which folk signs refer to, most fully and adequately.. All researches of the given folklore genre develop in several basic directions: study of the sign from the point of view of genre specificity; taking into account its text features; consideration of the sign as cultural "scenario" and, at last, study of the expressive means used in signs. In the present work the folk sign is for the first time considered through the prism of the keyword, which is the bearer of cultural information and the basis building the text of the sign. A similar approach to the study of the folk sign is brand new. Firstly, the keyword builds the text of the sign from the beginning up to the end. Or as a teaching technique the keyword is the support of the entire text. Secondly, the given lexical unit is a container for cultural information: its functioning in other signs is a proof of it. A significant distinctive feature of the keyword of the sign is that it is capable to model a certain household situation in the person's consciousness. As a rule, individual signs are built around the words that are key ones in other signs, in new variations realising their cultural potential. It is also necessary to note the ability of the keyword to have a determinant. A determinant is a word or a word group giving the keyword additional cultural connotation. Not every keyword can have a determinant: it is characteristic for words that lack enough cultural potential to function independently, and an additional unit is required to compensate for it. The listed properties are basic for distinguishing the keyword of the folk sign.

Keywords

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