Crisis of ideas of secularism and religiosity in post-secular society

The problems associated with the transformation of philosophical and methodological foundations of knowledge in post-secular society are examined. Axiomatic character of culture in the last two decades has changed dramatically since its sacred bases were actualizes. Socio-cultural foundations of the society are analysed as a complex system considered in the coordinate system ''traditional'' - ''industrial'' - ''post-industrial'', complemented by the new coordinate system ''religious'' - ''secular'' - ''post-secular''. Thus, at present the problems are discussed in a greater shift from the position of spiritual states, not just the technology change, if we take the context of modernity and post-modernity. The epoch of post-secularity in social life begins in parallel with the post-modern era, one of the essential features of which was overcoming the Enlightenment attitude to religion associated with the idea of eliminating the latter as a competitor of secularism. However, for the modern ''society of consumption'' related to ''anthropological disaster'' (M. Mamardashvili) there is a total crisis of both the idea of secularism and religious ideas. In the article features of the post-secular world are examined. This world can be defined as a new space with no old rules of modernity, including the end of dominance of secular ideologies in the 20th century, with simplification of religion to way of life, with constructive secularity instead of anti-religious secularity. Approaches related to the study of the dynamics of the religious and the secular in the Western world and with the views of Western scholars of the reality that occur in non-Western societies among the variety of understandings of post-secularity are allocated. Distinctions of secularism formation in Western culture and in the countries of Eastern Europe and the USSR are differentiated: while in the West it was the evolutionary process of gradual loss of institutional Christianity and institutionalization of secular culture, in the Soviet Union and other socialist countries it was the establishment of the revolutionary processes of violent anti-religious secularism, the carrier of features of pseudo-religion. Conceptual foundations of legislation relating to the control of the world view in Russia in different historical stages are identified. Conceptual foundations of legislation concerning regulation of religious life in pre-revolutionary Russia were associated with Orthodox ideology, basic legislation for the first time legally enshrining religious freedom since 1905, associated with the liberal thought. In the Soviet period, philosophical grounds of freedom of conscience is a synthesis of contradictory ideas of Russian liberal democratic thinkers with the idea of militant atheism and secularism. In post-Soviet Russia the conceptual foundation of freedom of conscience and religion is a European concept of human rights with a prospect of a complex and controversial incorporation of the standpoint of Orthodox ideology into this concept of human rights. The features of post-secularity in Russian society are revealed and the problem of adequate means of understanding the new complex reality is raised.

Keywords

Authors

References