Assessment of functional reserves of girls engaged in aerobics of various rhythm-tempo structure by cardiointervalography and electroneuromyography data

The construction activities with the rhythm-tempo structure is an essential feature of aerobics as a form of mass physical culture. Motor actions in the aerobic part of the lesson have a particular rhythm, reflecting the accompanying muscular effort of varying intensity. Knowing the principles of functioning of the physiological systems of the body of students, one can use different tools to control their motor activity in the adaptation process and the state of functional reserves. In the training process the auditory response generates hormonal and biochemical changes in the body involved in affecting the cardiovascular and nervous-muscular systems. Physiological adaptation to muscular activity is a systemic response of the body designed to achieve high fitness and minimize energy costs. From this perspective, adaptation to physical activity should be considered as a dynamic process, which is based on the formation of a new program to respond, and the adaptive process, its dynamics and physiological mechanisms are determined by the state and the ratio of internal and external environment. In this connection it is important to study the influence of rhythm-tempo structure aerobics levels on heart rate regulation, neuromuscular activity and the state of functional reserves of female students. The study involved female students aged 17 to 20 majoring in "Aerobics" at the Faculty of Physical Culture of Tomsk State University. They were divided into three groups depending on the rhythm-tempo accompaniment of the training sessions: percussion accompaniment in the first group was 115-125 beats/min, the second group - 135140 beats/min, and in the third group - 145-160 beats/min. Cardiointervalography was used to study the adaptation of the cardiovascular systems of the girls to different rhythm-tempo structures. The electromyographic method was used to assess the state of the neuromuscular systems. Clinostatic cardiointervalography tests were used to measure the functional reserves of the bodies. We found that rhythm-tempo structure classes of 115-125 beats/min facilitate effective relaxation of the gluteus maximus and quadriceps muscles, I.e., the motor activity of students in the process of adapting to the load becomes more effective and efficient, which allows the body to maintain optimal functionality. When the structure of the rhythm-tempo training with 115-125 beats / min changes to 135140 beats/min there is a reduction in the level of reserves as a function of the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems, increasing the rate of more than 140 beats/min does not result in further reduction of functional reserves

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