Comparative biomechanical analysis of hammer throwing athletes of different qualifications

Technical training of athletes is one of the most significant aspects of sports training. Its effectiveness is due to many factors, among which, in particular, is operational biomechanical control of technical actions of the athlete. Currently, the operational biomechanical control technique has not yet found proper use in the training process of athletes due to the lack of preparedness and the need for special recording equipment, which can be used almost exclusively in the laboratory. In this context, considering the biomechanical aspects of the spatial and rhythmic structure of hammer throwing athletes of different skills is relevant and timely. We described in detail the differences in the biomechanical parameters of the space-time organization of the structural components of hammer throwing athletes of different skills. We analyzed the correlation between the range of hammer and run time parameters of structural elements of throwing, statistical parameters of the space-time structure of single support, two-bearing phases of the hammer throw. To obtain experimental data hammer throwers were divided into two groups: with high and medium technical competencies. The group of highly skilled athletes included athletes with athletic skills of at least the Master of Sports of the Republic of Belarus. Athletes with lower technical competencies, Candidates of Master of Sports and I Sports Category, were classified as semi-skilled. Videos were used to obtain accurate and objective information about the quantitative kinematic structure of hammer throwing, which allowed the authors to develop the model of long-term performance of the double-seat and single support phases turns of the thrower. The developed models are set not only as a rational technique researched for competitive exercises, but also determine the range of variation of technical actions in the area of the athlete whose hammer throwing performance has no significant movement errors. This approach enables us to compare the registered hammer throwing by the athlete with specific reference samples, and, subsequently, give some pedagogical recommendations for its correction. The practical significance of the study consists in the possibility of using the developed methodology for assessing the biomechanical condition of the athlete in the training process for providing better results in the hammer throw. There is no doubt that such an approach in the technical training of athletes can be extended to other types of throwing in athletics.

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