Reconstruction models of Siberian population occupational structure: 1897 census data

One of the main sources for reconstructing occupational structure of a region is censuses. To reconstruct the occupational structure of Siberian population of the late 19th c. the author used aggregated occupational data of 1897 Census. The programme of 1897 Census data development had a unique two-level classification of occupations: 65 groups and 390 types of occupational activities. Such incompletely developed model of occupational structure (due to the absence of general and detailed levels) turned out improper for any research. To broaden research opportunities and reconstruction of Siberian population occupational structure the author introduced universal models based on level data management and providing for their comparability, namely international classifications of occupations HISCO and PST. Occupational structure models based on international classifications HISCO and PST have similar principles of structuring and coding occupational information, but reflect different approaches to occupational data analysis: HISCO - functional, PST - economic. Basing on the 1897 Census data the author calculates the employment rate of Siberian population, counts ratio of those employed in different occupational groups for urban and uezd population taking into account gender aspects. HISCO and PST models were used together and complemented each other. Comparison of different classification models demonstrated parallel intense development of the industrial sphere and the service sector. However, the general thing in occupational structure of Siberian population presented in PST and HISCO models was the dominant number of those employed in the primary sector of economy (PST), agriculture in particular (HISCO) . The occupational structure of Siberian cities has distinct difference from that of the rural territories. Firstly, both occupational structure models reflect more varied labour market in Siberian cities. For instance, male population was more active in all spheres. Secondly, the structure of female employment less than in the rural territories concurs with the male one. ''Leading'' positions in terms of the employed according to both occupational structure models in Siberian cities are held by the tertiary sector and the service sphere. The use of universal international systems of occupational classification (PST and HISCO) as models for reconstruction of Siberian population occupational structure let the author broaden the opportunities of aggregated 1897 Census data use as well as find out some peculiarities of the employment structure of Siberia.

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