Experience of state support of business incubation abroad and possibilities of its adaptation in Russia

Effective remedy of decrease in business failures, increases in a share of surviving business are business incubators - one of types of a specialized infrastructure providing support of small business along with funds, business centres, educational, information and other serving structures. By business incubator we suggest to understand a social and economic system whose functioning is directed on support of small enterprises by means of granting a complex set of services (accounting, legal, consulting, information etc.), and also advance of their business. Foreign experience convinces that for successful development business incubation the essential attention of the state and local authorities is necessary first of all. Having analysed the experience of business incubators in Germany, we came to a conclusion that it can be adapted and used in Russia. It concerns participation of the power, bank community, corporate sector in the work of incubators, interaction of incubators with scientific organizations, legal status of business incubators, use of system of indicators for assessment of incubator activity. The analysis of foreign experience of the state support of business incubation of small enterprises showed that effective functioning of business incubators is carried out in those countries where development of small business is regarded as of paramount importance of national economy and where the state takes active part in the support of business incubation. The author also revealed the following key factors of success of the state support of business incubation: 1) consistent and long-term policy of the state with accurately formulated purposes and tasks; 2) existence of the thought-over and coordinated system of people involved in development and realization of business incubation of small business; 3) constant efforts on adjustment of cooperation between the private, research and educational sectors; 4) identification and target support important for building of innovative and technological potential of the directions; 5) wide range of provided services providing complex servicing; 6) systematic studying and implementation of the best international experience. Absence of satisfactory theoretical base for management of small innovative economy, difficulties with selection and formation of professional businesspeople, distinctions in organizational and technological levels of development and market culture of the population of Russia and the compared countries, draws a conclusion that direct loan of forms of support of small innovative business can be inefficient in Russia. On the other hand, it is obvious that a comprehensive study of the foreign experience first of all connected with the support of small business at nation-wide and regional levels is very urgent.

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