Capital-labour ratio and modernization of Russian economy: discussion on neo-industialization

In the frames of the discussion of the leading Russian and foreign scientists and economists about the essence and the main directions of Russian economic policy, in which such terms as "innovative modernization", "reindustrialization", "neo-industrialization" are used, an optimal algorithm of their implementation is sought. The article analyzes the domestic and international approaches to the development of key performance indicators by measuring and controlling the capital-labour ratio indicators. The disclosed international practice (of Western Europe and the USA) of development and practical application of the ''Account productivity and growth of EUKLEMS'' data base (''EUKLEMS Growth and Productivity Accounts''), allows (us) to estimate the total factor of productivity in the form of the outlay -output ratio of both: labour and capital asset. The existing approaches, suggesting the application of capital-labour ratio indicators in isolation of the evaluation and control of the capital-labour ratio of Russian employees, are criticized. Various proposals of the following approaches to evaluating and controlling the capital-labour ratio in Russian economy are researched and elabourated: the capital-labour ratio of the workplace by examples of different kinds of economic activity; the technical means of production of researchers and all the personnel in the field of research and development in the Russian Federation. The urgent problem of modern economic analysis - the problem of providing a relatively deep specification of the economic activity nomenclature in the Russian Federation - is analyzed on all of its stages. The problems of achieving a relatively high capital-labour ratio in the Russian Federation, on the basis of such traditional method of capital asset reproduction as re-equipment, are studied. Neither the Tax Code, nor the Russian accounting standards disclose the nature of the economic concept of "re-equipment"; neither of them describes it as a process with coinciding mechanisms and methods of use in the firm's economy. The Tax Code tax relief for fixed assets, engaged in scientific and technical fields, is proposed to be considered as a possibility for adjusting the degree of depreciation. The isolated nature of rule, which restrains it from being applied to a wide range of taxpayers, is viewed as a problem. Today, it is impossible to estimate and take into account the obsolescence of Accounting in depreciation, even in respect of fixed assets used in science and technology. Application of aggressive schemes in the depreciation policy of a company with government's control over this process is suggested.

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