Basic principles of preparation and training technology in gymnastics

The notion of technology has recently become fashionable and, unfortunately, is not always used for its designated purpose. It is used in three meanings: as a synonym of the notion ''methods'' or form of education organization; as a set of all methods used in concrete pedagogical system of means and forms. In reality we have technologies in the form of a teaching technique; as a set and sequence of methods, methodical receptions and processes allowing to receive a product with the set quality. Possession of technology relieves teachers to search methods of training by "tests and mistakes" because it gives a clear idea of how to turn inexact and incomplete knowledge into the strictly scientific one. In gymnastics it is possible to reach good results on the international arena adhering only to accurately over thought and approved technology of training. The modern technology of gymnasts' preparation represents a rigid sequence of carefully over thought, approved and strictly regulated operations, which allow to get step by step the difficult from the simple, and the most difficult from the difficult. The modern technology of integrated preparation of the national team of Russian gymnasts provides development and use of the following target perspective and predictive models: the model of victorious team; the model of all-round champion; the model of a champion on gymnastics apparatus; individual models. Now the technology of training in gymnastic exercises has a conventional algorithm: 1) acquaintance with the trained exercise, reconstruction of an overall picture of motive action, its structure and sequence from initial to final body position (demonstration, video reproduction), rather full information on the main errors of execution; 2) skill activity using a dismembered-constructive or a complete method depending on group of difficulty of the studied gymnastic element and also with the use of preparatory and lead-up exercises; 3) reinforcement and improvement of execution of exercise techniques. Nowadays, many trainers-teachers, preparing and training qualified gymnasts in exercises of progressing complexity experience difficulties: what to teach and how to teach. It slows down the process of preparation and complicates competitiveness of the Russian gymnasts on the international arena. Therefore to optimize the process of gymnasts preparation and training it is necessary to use a technology, which is scientifically reasonable and exact in the content. At the heart of its contents there has to be a certain circle of the lead-up and preparatory exercises adequate to the studied exercises. It is obvious that the larger the circle of such exercises the trainer has, the more effectively the training process will proceed. In this regard the prospect of our research is to analyze the content of technological systems of gymnastic exercises training of various structural groups.

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