Innovation potential of individuals and groups: analysis of features within existential-humanistic and cognitive approaches

Throughout the history of the study of innovation potential different approaches were realized. In management and economics it was innovation approach - employee's ability to take new information, to gain professional knowledge, to create new competitive ideas, to find solutions to non-standard tasks, and new ways to solve standard problems. For the new approach we should consider innovative potential of the individual / group as a much broader system, the scope of which includes person's existential sphere that mobilizes the most important resources, which play an important role in the formation and further development of the human personality. When confronted with the task associated with the creation of innovation, there is a start of convergent thinking, access to individual inner picture of the world, to certain parts of memory that are associated with the current task. These sites, according to M. Minsky, are called frames, a special form of interpretations of real objects in the form of an in-memory package of knowledge. Analytical process of sorting frames in search of a solution of the problem is a frame-circuit - the possible solutions of the problem, based on the exhaustive search of knowledge stored in memory. If in the past one is confronted with the same or similar problem, in one's individual inner picture of the world there is some idea of how to solve this problem. If the problem is a fundamentally new process sorting frames will go up to a certain limit (not taking into account the volitional mechanisms) - this limit is cognitive stupefaction, dissonance between the individual internal view of the world and an external challenge. Further analysis of the problem is in order to expand the search options for solving the problem. Divergent thinking mechanism works, by which a circuit of quasi-frames is formed, the analysis process is, in fact, the mechanism of convergent thinking in the process of which there is searching, finding and applying solution to the challenge. The main complexity of the mechanism construction, incubation and implementation of productive ideas is vast complex psychological processes involved at this point. The formation of such a system requires a high level of development of personal and individual qualities and characteristics. In the second half of the 20th century scholar Maslow formulated the concept of human development, the apex of which is the mental process, which actualizes special and creative abilities of people. Under this phenomenon, we mean self-actualization, which marks the achievement of the full realization of human potential. Self-actualization is impossible without activity in a certain sphere that sets the stage for its development and formation, which are expressed in the professional identity. Analyzing the structure of the human personality, who has reached self-actualization, we can highlight one important feature - the potential ability of the individual to change and transform the activity itself and its structural components (resources, conditions, models). Achievement of self-actualization is considered by us as a basic prerequisite for the formation of innovation potential of the individual.

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