Comparative analysis of social-pedagogical experiments of V.S. Pirussky, V.P. Kashchenko, S.T. Shatsky (1895 - early 20th century)

The analysis of foreign recreational-upbringing children's practice revealed that for the first time the prototypes of contemporary summer rest camps were founded in the beginning of the 1870s in Switzerland in the form of several out-of-city 'vacation colonies' for physically exhausted primary students from poor families. These first experiments became popular in Switzerland, as well as in other European countries (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, England, Spain, Norway, Sweden), which started the annual sending of primary students for summer rest. European organizers of students' summer rest realized that the main objective of out-ofcity 'vacation colonies' was to rehabilitate health with the help of clean air, exercises, hygiene, good nutrition, sports games and educational classes. Integrated experience of the countries above showed that the stay of weakened children during several weeks in the conditions of the simplest but healthy environment in the fresh air had a curative impact on the children: they got strong, had a rest and returned to the city cheerful and healthy. The history of Russian educational-upbringing practice of the 1890s - the first quarter of the 20th century was rich in numerous medical-recreational and upbringing-educational experiments, which can be truly considered as those giving rise to innovative forms, methods and content of extracurricular pedagogical work with children and teenagers from the low social stratum. The paper deals with the activity of Russian pioneers of the 1895 - early 20th century period similar to the European one: a Tomsk doctor, public personality V.S. Pirussky; a general practitioner V.P. Kashchenko (Moscow) and an enthusiastic teacher S.T. Shatsky (Moscow). They had a common complex activity of the social character, experimental searches and finds in the organization of practical work with children and teenagers that can be called 'curative pedagogics'. These people made a great contribution to pedagogics, medicine, social work, working out and introduction of pedagogical innovations, however, in this paper the readers' attention is drawn to the recreational aspects of their curative-pedagogical activity in children's institutions. Physically handicapped, educationally neglected children, children with deviations were temporarily kept in summer camps for several weeks. According to the doctors and teachers, this children's category needed 'curative pedagogics' including the combination of medical-therapeutic, pedagogical and upbringing techniques targeting correction of the child's character and the individual on the whole. After a detailed analysis of 'curative pedagogics' as a dominant activity of these prominent personalities we can define their activities as somatic and first of all as a social-moral recreation of rising the generation of pre-revolutionary Russia.

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