Methods of power training of gymnasts

In the article we show that currently the role of force and speed-strength training increases due to the increasing difficulty of exercises on the gymnastic apparatus. When performing exercises athletes' muscles operate in different modes, so during the training session techniques are applied of development of forces that directly reflect these modes. In sports gymnastics athletes' motor activity is manifested in the performance of static and dynamic exercises. Therefore, in accordance with the operation modes of muscles, the method of static and dynamic training is used. But in the practice of the training of gymnasts the technique is often used of strength development without considering the peculiarities of biomechanics of sports exercises, without account of the specificity of displays of force qualities of the gymnast when performing the exercises, which is not conducive to the growth of technical skills of athletes. To develop the static force exercises of isometric character are used. For the method of static workouts, it is recommended to perform exercises with a gradual increase in effort, so that the muscles are trained well. As a result, there is an increase in the static strength without increasing the speed qualities. To develop absolute strengths of muscles the methods of repeated effort and brief maximum stress are used. The method of brief maximum stress works when one wants quick manifestations of absolute strength of the muscles. This method helps to increase strength without a significant increase of the muscle mass, which is important for a sport that develops relative strength. The manifestations of muscle strength are affected by many factors, and the main ones are: the dependence of strength and the articular angle and the dependence of force and velocity. In this connection, the work had a task to investigate the efficiency of various operating modes of muscles in the development of power and power-speed qualities of gymnasts. It has been shown that the development of power and power-speed qualities requires considering the operation modes of the muscles. For force development the most effective method is exercises in the static and conceding modes with maximum muscle tension, compared with jerk-braking exercises with small external weights. To train power-speed qualities the ratio of static, conceding and jerk-braking exercises should be applied depending on the tasks. For exercises that require the maximum amount of muscle strength, static and conceding exercises are effective, with a preference for the latter. For exercises that do not require manifestation of the maximum muscle force, more effective are exercises of jerk-braking character.

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