Production activity of the person and its possible consequences

While mining mineral deposits only one useful component is usually extracted. Elements-satellites of the main ore element often are not extracted from ores, getting to dumps of mining and processing factories. Tailings dams are technogenic sources of pollution of environment which in modern conditions of hyper genesis is carried out by wind, water and biogenic erosion. Round technogenic sources of pollution the soil and biogeochemical anomalies are generated; their value, as numerous researches showed, exceed anomalies over ore objects by several digits. Thus, the natural balance established over billions of years has been broken by the person within several centuries. For example, while mining precious metals ^a^ph^e elements, U, Se, As, are accumulated in dumps. These elements associate with useful components in ores and were not extracted during ore concentration. Thus, many chemical elements of dump have the toxicity of the first and second groups. In zones of dumps there are physical and chemical processes as a result of which there are new mineral phases, forms of chemical elements change; they transform into a mobile state and migrate easily on surrounding soils, flow in water. There appear neogenic metalloorganic forms which are most actively involved in biocenoses. Migration is carried out in mineral, ionic, colloidal, biogenous forms [2-4]. As substance streams from wastes of the mining production change the environment, negatively influencing biocenoses, development of live organisms including people, the study of the behaviour of mobile forms of toxicants is extremely important. Today tail facilities are considered as a new type of ore objects - technogenic fields. In a number of countries their secondary processing is already carried out. It is profitable because huge masses of rocks are already taken from a subsoil, they are milled and have a more sustained mineral structure of the pulp. Technogenic gold deposits, besides additional extraction of the main useful component, can be a valuable source of secondary elements (platinoids and rhenium), which for some reason have not been taken at the initial stage of ore production. Over time under the influence of various factors of hyper genesis precious metals and rhenium can transform into mobile forms and migrate both in the tails, and out of them. Scientific development will allow innovative solutions of the issues of additional recovery and secondary extraction of chemical elements from wastes of ore-mining and dressing plants.

Keywords

Authors

References