The analysis of appeal of tourist-recreational potential of Perm Region and the Republic of Bashkortostan by example of existing and projected conservation areas

Recreation and health improvement of people in natural environment in various regions is one of the most important social and economic purposes. Thereupon the problem of studying the tourist-recreational potential of the territory, revealing and reservation of new territories for rest, estimation of the already existing recreational wildlife management, and working out of recommendations for its optimization is particularly urgent. Special value in the development of tourist-recreational activity belongs to the system of conservation areas. The system of conservation areas of Perm Region includes 335 objects, among which are the state natural reserves "Basegi" and "Vishera". Regional conservation areas are presented by the state natural wildlife preserves (20), nature sanctuaries (114), historical-natural complexes and objects (5), natural reserves (46) and protected landscapes (97), 51 conservation areas are of local value. The Republic of Bashkortostan has three reserves: "Bashkir", "Shulgan-Tash", "South Ural", national park "Bashkiria" (all of them are of federal value), three natural parks, a landscape natural park of local value, 29 state natural wildlife preserves, 180 nature sanctuaries, a botanical garden, 7 districts of mountain-sanitary protection of health and recreation areas and resorts. Distinctions in approaches to the formation of the conservation areas network are obvious. From the listed categories of conservation areas we concentrate on natural parks. Their planning requires the account of recreational appeal of the territory. In the given work we undertake an attempt of the comparative analysis of the projected natural parks of "Iremel" and "Krykty" from the point of view of their potential of their use for touristic purposes. I.V. Zorin's classification of cycles of recreational activity is the basis of the analysis. In the hills of Iremel the infrastructure is poorly developed. At present the cycles of recreational activity are health-improving, hunting, fishing, adventure, etc. Their total number is eight. In the long term it would be possible to develop seven more: climbing, ecological, ethnographic, etc.; they would allow to realize the recreational potential of this area more fully. The tourist-recreational complex of Lake Bannoe (the natural park "Krykty") includes resorts, rest houses, a mountain-skiing centre, kumis facilities, beaches. Of the 67 types of recreational activity offered in the above-stated classification, only nine are not carried out here, such as: mountaineering, Robinson-life, category tourist campaigns, amateur work, training in crafts, though there are prospects for their development. In the modern world any tourist area should be economically justified, that is, it should make profit. If the given territory has a natural park it is necessary to carry out at least approximate calculations of profitability of its activity, the calculation of visiting fees taking into account the offered services and the expected number of visitors. By example of the analysis of two centers of tourist interest located in the territories of projected natural parks we have tried to reveal the tourist-recreational appeal of conservation areas of the Ural Mountains. Conservation ares of the natural park rank are actively created in the Republic of Bashkortostan, but not in Perm Region. However, the status of a natural park assumes both environment preservation, and creation of conditions for the recreational use of the territory.

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