Distribution of Siberian linden (Tilia sibirica Bayer) in Kemerovo oblast

The aim of this research was to perform the most complete inventory of the available oral and written information about findings of Siberian linden in Kemerovo oblast since its discovery and to reveal Siberian linden history in the past by palaeoecological data. We presented the description of linden location, vital state of linden trees for each point of linden range, as well as the author and the year of the discovery of each particular linden stand. We created kml-file for the lime's area using web-GIS SASPlanet, which allows the user to receive in a visual form the most complete information about the habitat of Siberian linden in Google Earth. For some localities we added morphological characteristics of lime stands, an area of plantation and the presence of herbaceous nemoral relics. The localizations of linden stands are structured on the river-basin principle. A file with Tilia sibirica location can be downloaded at https://yadi.sk7d/IIPJk49PqaiXq. The first author established the exact location of the lime "island" on the Soldatka River near the city of Mezhdurechensk by search routes. The "island" has an area of about 1 ha, where the linden is present as linden underbrush and individual trees up to 11-12 m tall and 20-25 cm in diameter. On the basis of manuscripts (published and unpublished) and from communicating with residents of Mezhdurechensk and Novokuznetsk districts we provide new data about the locations of limes in the basins of the Kondoma and the Mrassu rivers and in the upper reaches of the Tom river. We present a review of paleopalynological data on the dynamics of Siberian linden range. We showed that in many cases the findings of lime pollen in mineral deposits of the Quaternary stand in the Holocene time can have redeposited genesis and should be attributed not to the Holocene, but to the Pliocene age. We confirmed the findings of hemlock and pteroсarya pollen together with pollen of linden in the Late Glacial sediments in Altai region, where these warm-temperate tree species definitely could not grow at that time. On the basis of the available palaeopollen data we established that the role of lime in the stand near Kuzedeevo for the past 1500 years changed significantly. The lime played a greater role, probably, during the medieval warming. During the Little Ice Age the participation of linden in forest stands near Kuzedeevo linden "island" decreased, at first due to climatic deterioration, then due to anthropogenic influence. Palynological and charcoal analyses of 9 cm soil section from the lime "island" showed a picture of post-fire vegetation succession in which the lime played a significant role at the first stage of reforestation, due to rapid colonization of fire glade by root sprouts. Then, Siberian fir intercepted the dominance, whose seed plantlets developed well under the lime and aspen canopy. Subsequent targeted cutting of limes and fir in the 19th and 20th centuries led to the spread of birch and reduced the abundance of linden in forest.

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