Effect of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide on some morphophysiological characteristics of plants

The article is devoted to studying the effect of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide TiO2and aluminum oxide Al2O3 on morphometric parameters of plant beans, wheat andamaranth, the content of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids, as well as amaranthine in alaboratory-field experiment. Before sowing the seeds of control plants were soaked indistilled water: beans- for two days, wheat, and amaranth - within one day. Seeds of testplants were soaked in a similar way in aqueous suspensions of nanoparticles of TiO2, thesize of 5 nm, and Al2O3, the size of 7 nm, in concentrations, respectively, 8,9 mg/l and 5,5mg/l. During the experiment, the developing plants were sprayed twice: in the 18-day-oldsuspension of nanoparticles with a concentration of 8,7 mg/l of TiO2 and 7 mg/l of Al2O3and in the 27-day one - with the concentration of nanoparticles of 9,5 mg/l and 3,5 mg/l,respectively. In the same period, control plants were sprayed with water.In 21-day-old control and experimental plants the height of the stem was measured:in wheat tillering stage, the beans in a phase of the first true leaf and amaranth in thesecond phase of this sheet. At the age of 30 days in all plants the content of green andyellow pigments was determined, and in amaranth, additionally, the amaranthinecontent. In wheat, after maturation the length and the weight of the spike and the numberand the weight of grains in the ear were measured, and the yield was estimated. Theambiguity of the impact of nanoparticles of TiO2 and Al2O3 on the growth parameters,chlorophyll content a, b and carotenoids in these culture was revealed. It was found thata string bean is the most resistant to the action of these nanoparticles on morphologicaland physiological parameters. Seedlings of wheat plants under examination, not differingin growth rate from the control samples, demonstrated selective sensitivity to the effectsof nanoparticles of titanium and aluminum. It identified specific changes in theirmorphophysiological parameters: the stability of the photosynthetic pigments, increasingproductivity, improving the structure of crop plants in TiO2-group, and, conversely, asignificant increase in photosynthetic activity in plants in Al2O3-group, which was notaccompanied by changes in crop yields.Growth inhibition of amaranth plants and the subsequent significant increase in thecontent of amaranthine observed under the influence of nanoparticles show a highsensitivity of amaranth and their specific role in stimulating the biosynthesis amaranthine.It was established that these nanoparticles, considering the importance of theirimpact on the studied cultures, are equally ineffective on plants beans. In wheat andamaranth nanoparticles of titanium dioxide cause more noticeable, although withdifferent directions, changes than nanoparticles of aluminum oxide.

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