Influence of the technogenic factor on the vegetablecovering of a mountain-wood zone of Republic Khakasia

The results of researches in year 2008 in the Republic of Khakassia mountain - forestzone in the Kuznetsky AlaTau (vicinities of Balakchin in river upper courses WhiteIys, district of the lake Balankul) and the Western Sayan Mountains (ridge Alan in thelower and average flow of the river Klai) are given. In vicinities of Balakchin appreciablenegative influence of the technogenic factor on herbage was observed: changes inconstruction of natural phytocenoses, direct mechanical influence on plants, thinning ofvegetation and impoverishment of its specific composition as a result of soil covering disturbance.Transitions from birch-darkconiferous forests with the presence in their undergrowthof a mountain ash Siberian to birch-ash-darkconiferous forests, unusual fornatural cenoses, have been noted. Population of anomalous plants of a horse-tail winteringis revealed. Rare plants - Aconitum leucostomum, Alchemilla gracilis, Trifolium sativum are registered. Locations of relict species - Dryopteris filix-mas, Viola uniflora,Daphne mezereum, Cruciata glabra subsp. krylovii are noted in addition. Around thelake Balankul there are often traces of former big fires, fellings and timber. On southernabrupt slopes fragments of a steppe vegetation with traces of a high grazing level becomeperceptible. Especially appreciable recreaction load is observed on the area directly adjacentto the lake. In the lake vicinities rare species are registered: Schoenoplectuslacustris, Neottianthe cucullata, Oxytropis nuda, etc., relict plants are revealed: Minuartiaverna, Polypodium vulgare, Primula macrocalyx, Patrinia rupestris etc., and also aphytocenosis with the participation of 4 relict species. The district of average and lowerflow of the river Klai (ridge Alan) is considerably rejected from human settlements, neverthelesshere in many places human impact traces (time or working roads to places offelling of timber, burnt out sites of wood and changes in compound natural phytocenoses)become perceptible. The vegetation of temporarily inundated pieces around theKlaic bay is especially broken. In the studied district rare plants are noted: Carex leporine,Aconitum leucostomum, Chrysosplenium ovalifolium, etc., relict species are registered:Dryopteris filix-mas, Brunnera sibirica, Chrysosplenium ovalifolium, Sedumpopulifolium etc., the phytocenosis - a mossy cedar forest with the participation of relictkinds (Brunnera sibirica, Dryopteris filix-mas) in its grass - is revealed.In all investigated areas negative influence of the anthropogenous factor, includingtechnodenic, on vegetation is noted. Among the revealed rare plants 3 species are includedin «The Khakassia Republic Red Data Book». A number of relic plants as well asendemic species - Koeleria chakassica, Oxytropis bracteata, Chrysosplenium ovalifolium,Sedum populifolium are registered. The references for the purpose of conservingpopulations of rare, relict and endemic species as well as plant associations are given.

Keywords

Authors

References