Influence of stepwise increasing load on statokinetic system of hockey and soccer players

The aim of our research was to study the influence of stepwise increasing load on statokinetic system of hockey and soccer players. We found out that there were disparities in maintaining the balance between hockey players and footballers in Romberg's test with open eyes. The most significant shifts of stabilometric indicators, of both athletes and non-athletes, were observed under the influence of stepwise increasing load, indicating an important role in the reducing of muscle fatigue statokinetic sustainability. Influenced by stepwise increasing of load in hockey and soccer, the stability of the vertical position of the body decreased which results in the increase of stabilometric indicators. However, the degree of the increase in the average spread, the average velocity of the center of pressure, the area of the ellipse, the coefficient of sharp changes of direction and the average linear velocity of hockey players are less expressed than of soccer players. In the control group, the growth of most of stabilometric indicators after muscular exercise was significantly greater than that of athletes, which resulted in the statistically significant difference of Q_Y R, V_AV, V_S, IV, OD, S_ell, QBF, KRIND, NPV, SLS between the control group and athletes, due to the development of severe fatigue, the accumulation of lactic acid in the working muscles, as well as the low level of statokinetic stability and physical performance. In their turn, the athletes have a higher level of statokinetic stability and physical performance, as they were able to perform more powerful stepwise increasing load at the cycle ergometer in comparison to non-athletes. The high leg muscle strength of athletes makes a significant contribution to maintaining the vertical position of the body under static and dynamic loads, which is probably due to their specific motor activity and the changing of significance of proprioceptive afferent joints, ligaments and muscles of the extremities, while maintaining the balance of the body. Smaller stabilometric indicators of oscillations of the center of pressure before and after a muscular exercise may indicate that athletes, especially hockey players, rely more on proprioceptive signals from the joints of the lower extremities. Consequently, in the training process there is a large stimulation of afferent structures of the central nervous system, resulting in a higher value of the muscles, ligaments and joints of the extremities in maintaining sustainable vertical position of the athlete's body during the rest, movement and orientation in the space.

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