Studying the activity of genetic material synthesis in cell nuclei and cytoplasmic organells in crops due to heterosis
The aim of our research was to study the DNA content in the nuclei heterotic hybrids of wheat and tomato and their parental forms using a cytophotometry method, as well as to identify the changes in functional activity of the genetic apparatus in the cytoplasmic organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts). Objects of research: wheat (12 combinations) (Triticum aestivum L., Triticum durum Desf.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. - 4 combinations). We took samples for analysis from wheat plants during earing phase, from tomato-during flowering (the 2nd leaf on the top). On the basis of measuring the content of nucleic acids in nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts, we evaluated the features of restructuring the hereditary apparatus in heterotic hybrids, in comparison with the parental forms. Cytophotometric studies of cell nuclei of young upper leaves showed that wheat (by 6.3-27.7%) and tomato (by 55.7-67.8%) heterotic hybrids were characterized by an increase in the content of DNA-fuchsin in cell nuclei. A high DNA content per nucleus in heterotic tomato hybrids was connected with the emergence of new classes of nuclei containing DNA 4с-8с and wheat hybrids- due to the cells containing DNA 2с-4с. We can assume that the increase in the average DNA content in the cell nuclei of the leaves of tomato heterotic hybrids having relatively small genome size and tendency to polyploidy occurs mainly due to endopolyploidy and of wheat hybrids-due to increasing the proportion of cells in the postsynthetic period. Increasing the average DNA amount per nucleus in heterotic hybrids occurs, apparently, due to endopolyploidy, differential DNA replication and amplification of individual genes. Additionally, heterotic tomato hybrids are marked by activation of the genetic material synthesis in mitochondria, which may become a prerequisite for a high speed of energetic and plastic processes in these organells in hybrid combinations and can result in a high heterosis effect. Wheat is characterized by activation of both mitochondrial and chloroplast genetic systems. The article contains 3 tables, 22 ref.
Keywords
poliploidization,
cytophotometric method,
Triticum durum Desf.,
Lycopersicon esculentum L.,
Triticum aestivum L.,
heterosis,
полиплоидизация,
цитофотометрический метод,
Lycopersicon esculentum L,
Triticum aestivum L,
Triticum durum Desf,
гетерозисAuthors
| Mamedova Afet D. | Institute of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (Baku) | afet.m@mail.ru |
| Aliyev Ramiz T. | Institute of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (Baku) | aramiz@box.az |
Всего: 2
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