Secondary carbonate accumulations in soils of the Baikal region: formation processes and significance for paleosoil investigations
Secondary carbonate accumulations are one of the most important genetic, material and classification components of soils, formed in a wide range of natural conditions. The processes of their formation are closely related to the genesis of soils and their evolution. The study of their morphology and material and isotopic composition is of considerable value for knowledge of the regularities of soils and landscape evolution. However, now, questions concerning the diversity, specificity of the formation and structure of carbonate accumulations in sharply continental regions of southern Siberia remain practically untouched. In this research, we summarize the data on the diversity, composition, factors and mechanisms of formation of pedogenic carbonates formed over the last years and we supplement them with materials of our own research in the territory of the Baikal region. We identified the main sources of carbonates in soils, divided into the following groups: 1) formation of carbonates directly in the soil during weathering of parent rocks; 2) their supply from outside as a result of movement of weathering products of carbonate rocks by various geological agents. We evaluated the variety of genetic forms of carbonates in soils, among which the main ones are lithogenic, hydrogenic and pedogenic. We identified the main factors of carbonate accumulation in the soil profile, which include concentration of soil solutions, temperature, partial pressure of CO2, moisture and the character of the soil profile desiccation. These factors are determined by the features of the hydrothermal and gas regimes of soils, as well as by the biota activity. We present data on mineralogical, chemical and isotope composition of pedogenic carbonates of soils formed under different climatic conditions, in particular, in the Baikal region. There is a significant similarity in the material and stable carbon and oxygen isotope composition of the accumulation of secondary carbonates in sharply continental regions of Siberia. We evaluated the mechanisms of formation of various types of pedogenic carbonate accumulations. On the basis of our own research, we present data on the diversity of carbonate accumulations in soils of the Baikal region, their material composition and their role in paleosoil research. Rhizolites, needle-fiber calcite, hypocoatings, white eyes, nodules, coatings, loess dolls are described in detail and data on their morphology at different levels of structural organization are given (see Figures). The article contains 8 Figures, 51 References.
Keywords
paleoreconstructions,
soils,
stable isotopes,
secondary carbonate accumulations,
carbonates,
палеореконструкции,
почвы,
стабильные изотопы,
педогенные карбонатные новообразования,
карбонатыAuthors
| Golubtsov Viktor A. | Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences | tea_88@inbox.ru |
Всего: 1
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