The morphology and anatomy of Menodora (Oleaceae) genus fruits
The analysis of fruits ontogenesis and pericarp development of three representativesof Menodora Bonpl. genus (Oleaceae) is presented in this article. This genus demonstratesquite close relationships with genus Jasminum L. and at the same time occupies arather isolated position within a family. That's how the goal of this research emerged.The current sources quite commonly treat Menodora and Jasminum fruits as berries,which is caused by incorrect interpretation of the nature of fleshy tissues fruits. Weshowed that Menodora fruits develop from upper dimerous syncarpous gynoecium, butextacarpellary elements don't participate in fruit formation. The pericarp of Menodora isclearly differentiated into exo-, meso- and endocarp and consists of no more than 15 celllayers. Earlier the pericarp parenchymal tissues were confused with massive sarcotesta,which is 5 and more times thicker than pericarp. Exocarp consists of single-layer epidermisof mainly flattened thin-walled cells. Heterocellular mesocarp is formed mainlyby parenchymal cells, but in dehiscent area cells with slightly thickened walls prevail. Asthe heterocellular parenchymal tissues of the mesocarp dry the mechanical stress increasesand causes fruits dehiscence. Exocarp is presented by one-layered epidermis.Mesocarp is formed by parenchymal cells, in the place of dehiscence cells with insignificantincrassation of cellular walls prevail. Endocarp as well as exocarp is formed byone-layered epidermis. All Menodora species fruit structure we studied exhibit singlelayeredparenchymal endocarp. This feature is characteristic for the Oleaceae family togetherwith the important systematic feature such as upper dimerous syncarpous gynoecium.Based on the data we obtained the morphogenetic fruit type of Menodora is definedas capsules of Galanthus-type that can transform into nuts of Physena-type as theylose the dehiscence mechanism. Bringing carpological features into consideration we refinedthe systematic position of the Menodora genus, discussed its phylogenetic relationships.From this we conclude that the evolutionary line of Menodora and Jasminum isquite separate and developed. This is also confirmed by the data of comparative morphology,karyology, and nucleotide sequences. Therefore we suggest consideringMenodora and Jasminum as belonging to Jasminoideae subfamily.
Keywords
Menodora,
morphogenesis of fruits,
pericarp,
Menodora,
морфогенез плодов,
перикарпийAuthors
| Filonenko Andrew V. | Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow | avfilonenko@yandex.ru |
| Efremov Andrew N. | JSC «Design Institute for Oil and Gas Projects Construction and Rehabilitation», Omsk | stratiotes@yandex.ru |
Всего: 2
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