Soils of Ob-Tom interfluve

The Ob-Tom interfluve is a territory that is diverse in landscape types. Soils includehighly productive soils for agricultural development and for effective forestmanagement. The territory belongs to the Sub-taiga Zone with zonal gray soils. However,the complicated genesis of the territory and the variety of surficial materials andmoisture conditions resulted in the formation of a wide variety of soils. The main factorof soil spatial differentiation is the difference in parent materials on the generalbackground of climatic conditions. Three primary types of geological and geomorphologicalsurfaces are revealed on the territory. The surface differs by sediment composition,soil structure and vegetation cover, composition and properties of soils.These surfaces are articulated through a system of transitional areas complicating thelandscape patterns. The ancient plain composed by loamy sediments is presented atpoorly drained watersheds by large areas of gray and dark gray soils under forestswith high tall grasses with attributes of temporary humidifying in the bottom part ofthe profile. Loose compaction of humus horizon with high humus contents are a distinctivefeature of these soils. The formation of light-gray and gray podzol soils withweakly developed humus horizon and strong texture differentiation is typical of moredrained surfaces and gentle slopes. Gray gley soils are formed in conditions of stagnantsurface humidifying. Peaty gley and boggy soils are formed at income of groundwaters. Ancient plane soils are fertile and they have been actively used in agriculture.It formed the core of the agrarian and the major perspectives of socio-economic developmentassociated with agriculture. The underlying rocks heterogeneity is the mainfactor controlling the spatial differentiation of soils on the valleys of ancient river flowstacked by assorted sands. Basis of a soil cover is composed by alfehumic podsol soilsunder green moss pine forests and sod-podsol soil under herbaceous-sedges pine forests.Gley podsol and peaty gley soils are formed in sites under the influence of groundwaters. Local depressions are occupied by bogs. Soils of valleys of ancient river floware unpromising for the development of agriculture regarding soil structure and properties.High productive pine forests are formed in valleys bypassing the stage of foresttype change. Consequently, sand podzols, especially sod-podzol, belong to the categoryof land forming forestry and recreation sustainability of the area. Terraces andtransitional surface with a wide variety of deposits include all elements of the soil diversityof light-gray podzolic soils in the marginal parts of the plain to the sod-podzolsalfehumic soils at terraced edges in a natural combination with sod-gley, peaty gleyand peat soils. Geographical ranges of soil are large with blurry boundaries. The investigationof soil was carried out on the landscape-ecological basis with the help ofthe satellite imagery of high spatial resolution, geographical, geological and geomorphologicaland forest inventory data of different years and different scale of mapping.

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