Comparative anatomic research of some Stellaria species

The interest to phytogenesis preparations has considerably increased during lastyears. In modern traditional medicine steadfast attention of scientists is attracted by medicinalherbs. The relevance of the search is caused by adverse ecological conditions, theinfluence of various type of xenobiotics, the development of undesirable medicinal reactionsby which the application of many synthetic preparations is often accompanied. Theinterest to studying the species of the genus Stellaria has increased recently. Thisdemonstrates the significant potential possibilities of these plants. S. graminea,S. bungeana and S. holostea are perspective plants. It is caused by their big resource potentialin all territory of Russia and various application in national medicine. The analysisof the literary data has shown that the anatomic structure of the specified kinds isstudied insufficiently. So, S. graminea shows anti-inflammatory, hypotensive andsoothing properties. S. bungeana is used as a means, effective against dermatomycosisand puffinesses of feet in national medicine of Nanaians. Decoctions and infusions of theaerial part S. holostea have an expectorant and soothing action and are also used totreat insomnia, diseases of the liver, tumors of different localization and internalbleeding. Therefore, the purpose of work is to study diagnostic signs of aerial parts ofS. graminea, S. bungeana and S. holostea.The features of structure of stems, leaves, bracts and flowers of S. graminea,S. bungeana and S. holostea are established as a result of comparative anatomic researchof investigated objects. Common signs are amfistomatichesky type of leaves andthe presence of druses in the mesophyll, the attendance 4-7 open collateral bundles instems, characterized by the absence of bast fibers, ribs are made from corner-cube kollenhima,and the epidermis has extended along the axis of the cell with a tetratsitnystomatal apparatus. The main differences are found by the degree of sinuosity of epidermalcells of leaves (prozenhimnye pryamostennye or silnoizvilistye), the type of stomatalapparatus of bracts (anomotsitny or tetratsitny), the structure and number of leaves hairsand bracts, the presence of hairs on the surface of the sepals of a flowers, the peculiaritiesof the cuticle (smooth, longitudinally folded or pyramid-shaped protrusions) and thepresence of the cavity of the stem are revealed. The established microsigns can be usedfor plant material diagnostics.

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