Reactionof pigmental and antioxidant systems of plant on environmental pollutionof Kaliningrad by motor transport emission

The atmospheric air of Kaliningrad on a compound of pollutants is typical for modern cities with the educed transport infrastructure. A specific weight of exhaust from a municipal motor transport in total anthropogenic atmospheric emission is 83,8%, exceeding more than in 6 times exhaust from stationary sources. Researches of city phytocenosis plants have shown, that the efficient control quality of an urban environment requires the sufficient information on an ekologo-physiological state of the city phytocenosises, allowing to estimate the functional contribution of each plant to change of quality of an urban environment to a direction of its enriching. In thisconnection, the assessment of influence of motor transport exhaust on a state of urban ecosystems gets now exclusively great value. The authors identified six permanent sample plots in the city of Kaliningrad, sites were located in roadside areas (up to 5 meters from the road) on the major highways of the regional center. Sample plots were divided based on an assessment of urban environment and were in different parts of the city. Control site was located at a considerable distance from the city limits (40 km), in the «National park Curonian Spit». To the biogeochemical test were used most commonly in urban landscapes species of trees and herbaceous plants: spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), tillet (Tilia cordata Mill.), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Webb.), waybread (Plantago major L.). Collection of material (bark, pine needles, leaves) was carried out during the growing season (June-July) 2009. In plants, the authors determined the content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids spectrophotometry without prior separation of the 100% acetone extract. The authors determined the mass concentration of antioxidant (AOA) in the samples, equivalent to quercetin, amperometric method on the device «Color Yauza 01-AAA» («Himavtomatika», Russia) by the method of Yashin Y.I. This article analyses the pigment and antioxidant systems reaction of city phytocenosis plants of Kaliningrad in the conditions of environmental pollution by motor transport exhaust. The authors determined excess of the background content of cadmium in Kaliningrad plants and positive correlation between its contentin plants and intensity of locomotion of motor transport and revealed the high negative correlation communication between content of Cd and the antioxidant status of plants and positive correlation with the anthocyanin content. This article contains date the content of photosynthetic pigments in plants in the conditions of environmental pollution by motor transport exhaust. Depression of the antioxidant status and activity of the photosynthetic apparatus are symptoms of an unsatisfactory state of plants, owing to strong destructive action of automobile pollutants. The active accumulation of anthocyans in vacuoles of cells can raise efficacy of antioxidant system in processes of neutralization of products of oxidative stress and promote rising of plants resistance to cadmium action.

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