Ecologo-cenotic features and belt distribution of the macromycetes of the Ivanovsky ridges (Rudny Altay)

The July macromycete biota of Ivanovsky ridges (Rudny Altai) has been studied. The studies have been conducted in various communities of the forest and subalpine belts, geobotanical descriptions of which have been made; a collection of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes has been composed. As a result, 103 species and two variations of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes have been detected, 16 of them being new for Altai. The majority of basidiomycetes (72 species) have been found in the forest belt, 30 species - in the subalpine and 18 - in the mountain tundra belt. More than a half of all the detected species (56.3%) have been collected in cedar-larch-fir grassy forests. The cenotic role of macromycetes increases in the middle and upper parts of the forest belt. In the trophic specter of the forest mycobiota xylotrophs make up about 62% of the total. Mycorriza symbionts and litter saprotrophs only amounted to 24.4% of the species collected, which is a characteristic ratio of old-aged conifer mountain forests. Larch fir-tree forests situated on the southern macroslope of Ivanovsky ridges have proved to have significantly less diversity (17 species). Floodplain forests are populated by widely spread forest species of fungi. In the subalpine belt the total of 30 species of macromycetes has been recorded. In moss-cedar-larch with Betula rotundifolia, cedar-larch-lichen and cedar-larch tallgrass sparse forests 10 species of macromycetes have been found, most of them being saprotrophs. The only species distinguished by abundantfruiting was Marasmius androsaceus (L.) Fr. In sparse forests with a pronounced herbaceous layer and lacking shrubby and moss-lichen ones isolated fruit bodies of mycorrhizal symbionts of larch and cedar Suillus grevillei (Klotzsch) Singer и S. placidus (Bonord.) Singer as well as mycromycetes parasiting on larch: Laricifomes officinalis (Vill.) Kotl. et Pouzar and Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat. have been observed. In the trophic specter of sparse forests xylotrophs predominated. In subalpine tallgrass forests polydominant communities with Saussurea and Rhaponticum were represented widely, creating favorable conditions for the development of herbotroph fungi. Abundant fruiting of ascomecetes fungi and of an agaricoid basidiomycete Hemimycena pseudocrispula (Kuhner) Singer has been recorded there. A remarkable diversity of species and abundantfruiting of bryotrophs have been observed in swamps with mosses and Carex occupying small territories in the subalpine belt of Ivanovsky ridges. The species with a cenotic advantage were Botryotinia calthae Hennebert et M.E. Elliott, Galerina vittiformis (Fr.) Earle, Hypholoma elongatum (Pers.) Ricken. In the mountain tundra belt 18 species have been collected, the majority of them (44%) being characteristic for the alpine landscapes. 5 species are widely spread in Holarctica; other 5 pertain to boreal element. Mycotrophy species and humus saprotrophs proved to be the prevailing ecologo-trophic groups in tundra. The greatest number ofspecies has been found in dryad tundras and alpine grassland with Sibbaldia.

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