Biological features of species of Phalaenopsis Blume at cultivation in greenhouses of the Siberian botanical garden

In the Siberian botanical garden of Tomsk state university (SBG of TSU, Tomsk) the collection funds of tropical and subtropical plants, unique for northern latitudes of the world, numbering 1800 species and relating to 504 genera and 145 families are created. The Orchidaceae Juss. family is presented by 105 species relating to 45 genera. The Phalaenopsis Blume genus totals 4 species: Ph. amabilis (L.) Blume, Ph. equestris (Schauer) Rchb.f., Ph. lueddemanniana Rchb.f. and Ph. hybridum. Phenorythmological features offour species of Phalaenopsis Blume genus at cultivation in hothouses of SBG of TSU are resulted. It is shown that Ph. equestris and Ph. hybridum belong to autumn-winter flowering orchids, Ph. amabilis -winter flowering orchids, and Ph. lueddemanniana - summer flowering orchids. The longest period of flowering, an average of 70 days, is characterized for Ph. amabilis and Ph. hybridum 'Danse Gessica'. The technique of artificial pollination offlowers of these orchids is fulfilled. Filled seeds of studied species are received. The longest period of maturation of seeds and the biggest fruit are noted for Ph. hybridum and Ph. amabilis. The stages of development of Phalaenopsis seedlings on nutrient media are studied. The optimum nutrient medium for germination of seeds of the studied species is the Murashige-Skoog's agar nutrient medium, supplemented with 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine or 1 mg/l kinetin and 0.5 mg/l a-naphthaleneacetic acid. It was established that at the stage of development of seedling a transfer of the culture to Knudson s nutrient medium promotes a stronger seedling root system. Young Phalaenopsis seedlings, obtained in this way, are ready to being planted in an intermediate substrate in 250-270 days after sowing on nutrient medium. It is established that the average survival rate of seedlings of Ph. amabilis and Ph. hybridum in the intermediate substrate was 80.5±14.5%. In the study of the effect of various compounds of the permanent substrate on the survival rate of seedlings the optimum option is found, namely a mixture of pine bark, sphagnum moss, peat and charcoal in the ratio 1:2:2:0,5. The average survival rate of seedlings in a constant substrate was 75.5±10.3%. Influence of peat oxidate on the growth and development of Ph. amabilis seedlings is studied. It is established that an optimal dosage for rootfertilizing is a concentration of 1 ml/l peat oxidate. The prospects of using the way of accelerated reproduction by «live children» of Ph. equestris are shown. The plants multiplied by this method blossom when they have their second or third year of life.

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