Optimization of illumination conditions in cultivation process of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Lugovskoy microcuttings in vitro

The method of isolating apical meristems and obtaining from them virus-free regenerants is the main way to make potato plants free from pathogens. Further cultivation of the improved potato in hydroponics allows obtaining virus-free tubers, thereby solving the problems of modern seed-growing of this crop. The in vitro cultivation of micropropagated plants is carried out at artificial light. In this connection it is necessary to choose a light regime to optimize the growth processes of microcuttings. The effect of additional irradiated with red, white and blue light on the morphogenesis of potato cv. Lugovskoy in vitro was investigated. Different growth reactions of micropropagatedplantlets during subcultivation were revealed. The influence of the correction of white light on the formation of root, shoot and the photosynthetic apparatus of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Lugovskoy plantlets in the process of cultivation in vitro was studied. The supplementary lighting with blue, red and white light was used. The greatest increase in dry weight of shoots was observed in plants under red light. At the same time, the blue light inhibited or changed the direction of synthetic processes in the shoot, causing a decrease in its dry biomass. Red light increased the root volume and the total area of leaves, compared with the action of the blue light. Irradiating with blue light increased the area of leaf surface 3-5 tiers, whereas irradiating with a white and red light - the area of 6-9 tiers, while the smallest number of tiers was formed under blue light conditions. The levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were increased at red and blue light compared with a content of pigments under white light. Red and blue light played an important photoregulation role in the growth and morphogenic responses of potato plants, both at the shoot and root system. Specific effect of light of different spectral composition on morphogenesis of microcuttings potato cv. Lugovskoy should be considered for optimizing cultivation regime in vitro. The practical significance of the research results is to use the method of irradiating with selective light at work to develop virus-free potato micropropagated plants with a view to accelerating the growth in vitro, the successful adaptation of plants in vivo, the reduction of the vegetation period and the increase in productive process for obtaining the maximum output of the improved minitubers in the conditions of hydroponics.

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