Main indicators of criminological recidivism in condemnation without detention

Recent statistics indicate an increase in the use of alternative sanctions by courts as a result of liberalisation of criminal policy. There is a stable, albeit a slight decrease in those convicted to actual deprivation of liberty. The proportion of those sentenced to imprisonment is also decreasing. Law enforcement practice increasingly relies on such alternative punishments as correctional labour, compulsory work, and restriction of freedom. Thus, it is becoming more urgent to increase the effectiveness of the measures, the main criterion of which is the commission or non-commission of new crimes by convicts. This criterion is called "criminological recidivism". Indicators of the level of criminological recidivism, though calculated on the basis of statistical forms of departmental reporting and widely used in analytical materials, official documents, and reports, do not reflect the real level of recidivism. According to the developed methodology, the average level of criminological recidivism of persons sentenced to non-custodial sentences from the time of conviction and after serving the sentence (deregistration) in one year makes 28.6%. The results show the information not only about the level of recidivism in general, but also about recidivism in terms of qualification of the committed crime as well as the sex of the offender, which allowed a further detailed analysis. The most criminal category are probationers, then come convicts sentenced to compulsory work. The least represented are those convicted to correctional labour, restraint of liberty, and fines. Within a year after serving the sentence, those sentenced to fines (18%) and restriction of freedom (21%) are less inclined to the repetition of crime. Recidivism among those who have served correctional labour is 32%, compulsory work - 22%. The most inclined to recidivism are probationers (40%).

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