The value of landscape painting in development of the Russian fine arts of XIX-XX centuries was

Landscape painting till 1785. The Russian landscape painting began the development with chronicles on engravings about the under construction city St. Petersburg. The secular art replaced the iconography and was aiming to show shape of reality. The Petersburg academy of Arts was founded in 1757 and it was transformed to the Russian imperial Academy of Arts in 1764. The landscape class was founded in 1776 and the leader was Semyon Shchedrin. Landscape painting from 1785 to 1800 included views of parks and after some time became to include views of cities where the specific types of the area were displayed. The period 1800 - 1820 was the time of public rise, the time of blossoming of all types of the fine arts and its synthesis. The national consciousness increased after Patriotic war which was in 1812. Landscape writers paid attention to the personality in art, to its feelings and internal advantages. A person was considered in a civil feat, it became interesting when it expressed its regular daily manifestation of its sincere qualities and aspiration to freedom. At this time the style classicism exited, the romantic and realistic tendencies were created. Landscape painting of the period 1850-1860. The specified period differed in a sharpening of social subject in the fine art. The concept of art changed: ideological content, criticism of oppressing and grief for oppressed were important. The world like the Universe left the outlook of the artist. The artist concentrated attention on a certain piece of life. A big separation of the academic school and adherents of the Russian realistic school was characteristic for the landscape painting of the 1870 years. 1. The partnership of traveling art exhibitions. Traveling exhibitions of art works had organized every year since 1871. Landscape writers of the realistic current expressed the advanced trends of the public and facts of life in composes. 2. The academic school. Landscape writers of a circle of Academy used ready samples in landscapes that gave the chance to concentrate attention at work on a form, to perfect picturesque acceptances and to bring all elements of a picture to perfection, trying to obtain the highest level in the craft. Landscape painting of the 1880-1895 years gained momentum in the development and became significant phenomenon in the fine art. The art problems of landscape art extended: means of picturesque expression for transfer of the special environment were enriched; the invoice of color and transfer of conditions of the atmosphere became complicated. These years were characteristic: lyricism and impressionism developed, experiences and feelings of people were expressed in landscapes. Landscape writers aspired to express changing states of nature at works, and it became to be possible to show in a vision changing in time a life flow.

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