The literary-publicistic heritage of dissidents as object of culturological studies

The author proposes a cultural approach to the literary-publicistic heritage of the dissidents - the study of the specifics of the dissident discourse characterized not only texts, but also the perception of the world. The study of behavioral models in the texts of nonconformists which are realized in social practice, the identification of mechanisms for establishing the behavioral norms and patterns - these scientific issues are also included in the circle of culturological attention The aims of this article are revealing the motives of dissidents' reference to the literary and journalistic creativity; determining the place of writer's practice in the hierarchy of values of other forms of social activities; characterizing the specificity of the dissident discourse and normative model of civic behavior, described in texts and appeared in social practice. The objects of investigation are dissidents' memories. The article names the reasons for dissidents' reference to the literary work: intellectual, informational, ideological, moral-ethical, social and practical. The author makes the following conclusion: the specificity of the dissident's discourse is caused by social significance of their texts. The literary-publicistic activity was on a par with social one in the hierarchy of other forms of dissident activities. The ideal personal behavioral model is described in the dissidents'memories. The methods of its creation can be different: Solzhenitsyn uses the myth in his book "Oak and the Calf", he identifies himself with a "cultural hero", Modern Prometheus, who destroys the old and creates a new world order. Other dissidents (Bukovsky, Orlov, Grigorenko) delete a motif of an identity crisis from their narrative, claiming the moral significance of the status of the social outcast. The ideal behavioral model, given in the texts, was included in the social practice and it defined the dissident' behavior.

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