The tradition of folk architecture in the architectural and artistic decoration of the entrance group of the Siberian city estate of XIX - early XX centuries

The authors address the problem of development of the Siberian estate fences. The focus is on the specificity of their artistic and aesthetic organization. The relevance of the interest is due to two reasons. First, the scarcity of studies on architectural and artistic features estate fencing Siberian region. Secondly, in connection with the issue of preserving the uniqueness of regional architecture. The article aims to reveal signs of regional specificity of such forms of architecture as the estate fencing. The hypothesis of the study is based on the following statement: an important factor in determining stylistic features of buildings in the Siberian region are of national architectural traditions. The study is carried out on the material of the wooden estate fencing XIX-XX centuries. cities of Siberia. First of all, identify the main architectural principles of folk architecture. Then the analysis of the input groups of the Siberian cities, revealing the techniques and elements of decoration, characteristic of folk architecture. In this paper, adopts the definition of «input group», which refers to an architectural structure designed to estate land communications with the outside world and consisting of such elements as gates and decorative gates. The analysis of decoration of the Siberian group input suggests that there are stable regularities in the compositional distribution of decoration in the inner filling of decorative fragments, using techniques of decoration, but also in the appeal to stylistic and symbolic image system. In the design of entrances showed signs of architectural and artistic styles of classicism, Baroque, Rococo, art Nou-veau. But of fundamental importance in shaping the artistic image of the input groups of Siberia belongs to the influence of folk architecture. Its elements are integrated into art system, including a variety of architectural styles. However, revealed signs of that is directly characteristic of folk architecture. The study found indicative traits that indicate belonging to folk tradition decoration. These include: the use of wood and carving a variety of techniques; specific techniques for layout decoration, emphasizing the structural elements; the use of elements of folk decoration and ornamental and geometric shapes included in the religious and symbolic system of pagan ideas. This provision confirms the analysis of estate of input groups in Siberian cities (Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Petrovsk-Zabaikalsk, Krasnoyarsk, etc.).

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