Russian Scientists in History of Art during the second part of the XIX- th century about the Spanish Painting of the XVI-XVII-th centuries

The second half of the 19th Century is the important period in the development of the Russian Research of the Spanish Painting. There were some approaches to the old Spanish Painting in Russian Society: image-subject's and literature's, representatives of which were the writers D.L. Mordovtsev, Vas.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko; artistic-aesthetic, representatives of which were painters, who from the end of the 19 century began to go to Spain frequently; and scientific approach, whish yet depended from literary and artistic environment of the time. The way of Russian Science of History of Spanish Art to the Objectivity in the Understanding of art was long and difficult. Modern artistic life dictated the preferences in the History of old Art. At beginning authors liked Murillo, after considered the Pictures by Velazquez as the peak of Spanish Painting. During long time authors didn't try to show the evolution of Spanish Art, didn't understand the needless of considering of the Spanish Painting as complex of form and semantic, accepted one and didn't accepted other. During the second half of the 19th Century the authors, who wrote about Spanish Art in Russia: 1. Declared the independence of Spanish Painting School, but followed to increase the influence by Italy/ 2. Tried to declare its specific features, and wrote about the organic unity of spiritualism and naturalism. The synonym of Spanish Art during the 19th century was Painting by Murillo. By the end of the 19th century the authors were inclined to the opinion that the main Artist of Spain was Velazquez and according to this opinion considered Spanish Art as "heroic naturalism". The authors changed their opinion about Painting by Ribera and Zurbaran, the appreciation of whose Works became more tolerant. 3. Gave as positive, so negative appreciations to some components of image's and stylistic systems of Work of each master. Out of critic were only the Works by idols - at beginning the Works by Murillo, then the Works by Velazquez. But the attempt to find the "common denominator" of artistic, image's and image's-artistic decision of each Work and of the Creation of each Master in hole the Russian authors didn't make. 4. But by the end of the 19th century Russian authors hadn't shown the evolution of Spanish painting, but changed their understanding of Works of the most famous Spanish masters. The main step in Overcoming of subjectivity, estrangement in Understanding of Spanish Painting of the 16-17th centuries would be maken by A.N. Benois at the end of the 1900-1910 years.

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