To the question of the development of the skansenological way in museology

In the article the contemporary state of skansenological practice in the Russian Federation is analyzed. Skansenology is considered as one of the main way in museology to preserve the traditional culture of the ethnic groups. The author studies the classification of the air-opened museums and definitions in their air-opened ethnographic museums in the group. He focuses on XX-XXI centuries when it was transition in the formation of the exhibition space of ethnographic museums in the open air from the collector to the ethnographic. In article, also the current variants of the ethnographic air- opened museum are considered. In the paper the topical issues of use of remakes in the exhibition space of museums and their relation to the volume of the original objects are addressed. The author considers modern restoration work and the problem of the using uncharacteristic building materials and technologies in restoration work for the historical object, also low-skilled labor. As well, the author considers the training restorers by the development of the network 'carpentry centers' and their effectiveness and prospect. In the paper the scientific justification of the museum terms are given. They are: "museum", "museum-reserve", "Skansen", "Architecture and Ethnography", "eco-museum", etc. In the paper the problem of the catastrophic backwardness of Russian skansenology towards the preservation of historical and cultural heritage by the establishment of the ethnographic air-opened museums are addressed. There are only 28 museums of this profile in the Russian Federation while there are more than 4500 in the world. The author raises the questions about the need of the national program for the development of the network of air -opened ethnographic museums in RF, first of all, for preserving the historical and cultural heritage of ethnic groups of the country as the basis of its cultural safety of the population. In our days, we need the new approaches in the protection of monuments of historical and cultural heritage because of new legislation to air -opened museums including ethnographic and changes of the principles of the formation of the exhibition space through the formation of real estate. The basis of the article is to talk over the important issues of the skansenology for preserving traditional culture through the creation of the new ethnographic air-opened museums. In the article the contemporary state of skansenological practice in the Russian Federation is analyzed. Skansenology is considered as one of the main way in museology to preserve the traditional culture of the ethnic groups. The author studies the classification of the air -opened museums and definitions in their air- opened ethnographic museums in the group. He focuses on XX-XXI centuries when it was transition in the formation of the exhibition space of ethnographic museums in the open air from the collector to the ethnographic. In article, also the current variants of the ethnographic air-opened museum are considered.

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