Ontology of whole in the project of Russian Culturology

The article examines the original approach, which emerged in the Russian culturology, for understanding culture as a comprehensive and unique historical phenomenon. It is supposed that this very approach distinguishes the project of Russian culturology from cultural studies. The issue of ontology of Whole is presented as the major element in institutionalization of disciplinarity of the Russian culturology. The two methods of introduction of the Whole concept into a cultural research are examined. The article argues, that while Russian culturology was emerging, the problems of theoretical culturol-ogy, which is now the most developed aspect in the field, were emphasized. However, theoretical cul-turology encounters two challenges: manifestation of uniqueness of culture and demonstration of an acting individual's freedom. The theoretical scheme, as the originally introduced logic, is contributed to the empirical material. It also predetermines the emergence of events and cognition. Making attempt to resolve this problem, the article puts forward an epistemological research strategy, which relies upon priority of a local event over a general principle. A possibility of formation of non-classic culturology, based on this principle, is explored. In this regard, disciplinarity of cultur-ology undergoes transformation. Historical culturology is moved to the centre of disciplinarity on non-classic culturology, where all peculiarities of this science are concentrated. The article examines the difference between historical culturology from history as an area of knowledge. The historical a prioris (an ontological horizon, metaphysical project of culture) as pre-conditions for artefacts constitute the subject matters of historical culturology. The methods applied in phenomenology seem to be efficient for reconstruction of culture's ontological horizon. We also pay attention to structure - polirization and dynamism of Husserl's horizon of conscience and his developments of the time philosophy. The philosophical typology of cultures, which unleashed unique ontological horizons, is presented as the fundamentals for the new historicism, perceived not as logic and methodology for historical cognition, but as the new ontology. An algorithm of typological modeling as a situational research is proposed. Its idea lies in scientific modeling in the perspective of Whole (an ontological horizon of culture - cultural and historical aprioris). This non-classic culturology is descriptive in terms of a method and metaphysical in terms of a goal.

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