The initial stages of the formation of the historiography of Russian landscape painting in the 20th century

Fixing of the facts of formation of the Russian landscape painting has begun practically with its origin. Critiques were written by the most visible representatives of art criticism after each exhibition. But up to the XXth century there was no research literature representing an overall picture of the happening art processes. Such literature has begun to appear at the beginning of the 20th century. One of representatives of the Russian modernist style - A. Benois (1870-1960) was the first author-historian-artist. A.A. Fedorov-Davydov (1900-1969) was one of the first art critics who has begun to research professionally landscape painting and has devoted it all life. Researchers consider internal regularities of development of a landscape genre in connection with process of formation of national art consciousness at its different historical stages. In this article the speech was about researchers who allocated identical stages of forming of a landscape genre in Russia at XVIII-XIX centuries: 1 stage - origin of landscape painting, they connect it with opening of a landscape class in Academy of Arts; allocate the first group of landscape writers: Semyon Shchedrin, F. Alekseev, M. Ivanov. 2 stage - since 1820 an intensive cultural exchange between the European countries begin that has led to differentiation of national schools. The artists who have played an essential role in development of landscape painting were: A. Venetsianov, M. N. Vorobyov, Sylvester Shchedrin. 3 stage - a change was in the 1850th years. There was an era of government of Alexander II - "an era, which was liberal in principle, but was despotic in practice". Artists have been urged to train the people. 4 stage - 1860-1870. There was formation of ideas of Peredvizhniki movement. There was idea of transformation of the Russian society. 5 stage - 1880-1900. There was new phase of searches. There was falling in love with beauty and refusal of edification in art. In the XVIIIth century landscape painting has begun the development with specific landscapes. At the beginning of the XIXth century there was a forming of new perception of the nature against social and economic shifts which stimulated growth of national consciousness. Artists refused obsolete forms and rules and addressed direct studying of the nature. From the middle of the XIXth century art and landscape painting including, have taken a way of realistic development. Artists got into nature life, revealed emotional opportunities of color that has led to open-air painting at the end of the XIXth century.

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