Theory and practice of museum exposition in the works of foreign museologists in 1900-1930

This article analyzes the main conceptual work of museologists from Europe and North America, the first decades of the twentieth century, devoted to new approaches for the time to the organization of the exhibition space. Source base study is based on scientific publications in the Paris edition of the "Notebooks of the Republic of literature, science and art", "Museography". Most important factor in the development of the historiographical problems was the creation and application of new approaches to the organization of museum exhibitions - methods of two-part division of the collections and the "stylized rooms". In his speech, the French museology Reinach in 1909, new approaches to be exhibited for the first time analyzed. Later, in 1931, Reina gave a detailed description of a two-part method revealed his role in the ordering of exhibition materials. This idea was further developed in the article Swiss museology Deon. American researcher Kimbell highlighted applications of the method "stylized rooms" in museum exhibitions in Germany and the United States. Describing the results of using this method, Kimball emphasized his extraordinary artistic effect, pointed to the formation of a special atmosphere, which attracted the attention of visitors, helping them to better understand the intent ekspozitsionerom. The writings of museologists present criticisms of European museum workers, who in the creation of "stylized rooms" often attracted copies and models. F. Kimbell particularly strongly insisted that the replacement of the authentic monuments of museum copies and dummies is inadmissible because it was contrary to the very idea of a museum display. In the article the comments made Museology 1930 addressed to museums, use of the new methods of exposition. It is emphasized that the authors analyzed articles pointed to serious shortcomings art exhibition created by the method of "stylized rooms." At the same time revealed the views of the participants of the conference in Madrid, organized by the International Office of Museums in 1934. The content of speeches scientists museologists, who approved the use of two-part construction of the scientific method in the exhibits, offering detailed guidance on its use in the museums of Europe. Appeal to the research work of foreign museologists the first half of the twentieth century, expanding ideas of museological thought in Europe, contributes to the development of museums in general.

Keywords

Authors

References