The concept of a Museum without walls in the research of Rosalind Krauss

The concept of an imaginary museum (or a museum without walls in the English translation), set out the writer, the first Minister of Culture of France Andre Malraux in a number of papers in the 1950-1960-s gg., Entered firmly in the anthology of the most important texts of the XX century, to conceptualize the history of art and the genesis of the museum as a special cultural institution. These ideas find their interpreters so far. The article proposes to apply to the two works of American art critic R. Krauss relating to 1980. This is a "Photography's Discursive Spaces: Landscape/View" (1982) and saw the light in 1986 - "Postmodernism's Museum without walls". The latter article has not yet been translated into Russian. In his writings, Andre Malraux claimed that the life of a work of art in the last few centuries, accompanied by a series of metamorphoses. Their beginning he thought the Renaissance. Next, under the influence of the Enlightenment, changing context of everyday masterpieces: they are extracted from the environment for which were created (the monarch's palace or sacred space) and transferred to the museum. The next stage of the metamorphosis is associated with the moment, when transformed into a masterpiece of graphic art in the album, and parting with their newly acquired museum environment. In his works R. Krauss refers to the characteristic of classical art museum XIX century. She drew attention to the fact that offers visitors a chronological principle acquaintance with the works, uniquely defined enfilades of the museum, it is a clear illustration of the history of art. In the XX century. Museum is transformed. Expansion geographical and chronological framework of art that can be represented in an art museum, to the works of all time, says Krauss, makes the institution an extensive field of comparisons that do not involve already dominant values of some monuments and inferiority of others. This process, rightly claims the American scholar, has its origins in the era of modernism, to reach its peak (and this will be reflected in the architectural decisions museums) in the postmodern era. For R.Krauss indicative of the evolution of the museum in the era of modernism is the transformation of the museum buildings and their interiors. Analyzes the projects of the museum buildings the architects Mies van der Rohe and Le Cor-busier. The author draws attention to the characteristic of postmodern architectural solutions proposed Hans Hollein for Museum Abteiberg in Monchengladbach and Richard Meier for the Museum of Applied Arts in Frankfurt.

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