The rural orthodox temple complex of Altai of the end XIX - the beginning of the XX-th centuries (planning and functionality of elements)

The orthodox temple complex represents set of a set of buildings and constructions the main thing and a link which the church is. The central ensembles of pre-revolutionary villages consisted of a set of buildings, the being main elements of temple complexes: churches, separate belltowers, priest houses, parish schools, church sentries building. Also special binding place in church complexes was taken by minor, additional elements the carrying-out various functions. Schools of spiritual department and the building at which they functioned occupied one of the main composite places in ensemble of temple complexes and were the prevailing components of these complexes, regardless of that there was a building for schools within a church fencing or in close proximity. Buildings church сторожек also occupied important composite value in ensemble of rural temple complexes of Altai, being along with a church fencing - border between the territory of the temple and the secular world, and were multipurpose objects which replaced other elements of the temple complex (school, library, the house of priests). Houses of sacred clergymen were important elements of ensembles and temple complexes of the villages of Altai at the end of XIX - the beginning of the 20th centuries. They harmoniously fitted into a practical and esthetic component of objects of temple infrastructure. Availability the priest of houses in the village showed degree of religiousness of the population, economic stability and further prospect of development of the settlement. Minor elements of rural orthodox temple complexes of Altai of the end XIX - the beginning of the 20th centuries carried out various functions (cult, economic, educational memorial, etc.) also were mainly specifics of large rural settlements, or the receipts which were actively engaged in various economic activity. Also much important role in distribution of minor elements of temple complexes extent of statement of church and school case influenced. The landscape gardening construction in rural temple complexes of Altai of the end of the XIX-XX century was the traditional estetiko-harmonizing element and had two functional components: economic and practical (mainly school gardens) and esthetic (gardens near temples). Thus, numerous elements of rural orthodox temple complexes of Altai of the end XIX - the beginning of the 20th centuries carried out the various, mutually replaced and duplicative functions (cult, economic, educational, memorial) and borders of rural orthodox temple complexes were optionally designated by finding of elements in a church fencing. The various economic and other buildings concerning the church estate could be placed and behind a fencing, at the same time joining in temple ensemble.

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