Gavrila (Ivan) Basov's life and art as the master of manuscript art (the last quarter of the XVI^th - the first third of the XVII^th centuries)

The research is devoted to the issues of an outstanding scriber and the drawing-artist of the last quarter of the XVI^th - the first third of the XVII^th ' centuries Gavrila, known as Ivan, Basov's life and creativity. Gavrila Basov's art has not been studied before the start of the 21^st century. The great interest is connected with the identification of new manuscripts, created by the brothers Stefan, Feodor and Gavrila (Ivan) Basovs, although the first data about the life and artworks of Gavrila was appeared in the 19^th century. The article is aimed on systematization and generalization of the information about Gavrila-Ivan Basov. To date researchers have revealed nine manuscripts, that were created with the participation of the Gavrila in 1585/1586-1630/1631, and researchers attribute several manuscripts to the hand of the master. Gavrila had passed certain stages of developing their talent. Gradually his author's creativity was formed. Gavrila came from Tver, where he had been formed into a master of books. He copied early printed books. This process was associated with an Early Printed style of an ornamentation. By the mid-1580s. brothers Gavrila, Stefan and Feodor Basovs appeared in Moscow, where they worked for Muscovites. Then Gavrila, probably, returned in Tver. In 1593-1595 Gavrila rewrite the Gospel, where he informed, that he created it in native home. In 1608-1631 Gavrila Basov lived at the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. He worked in the scriptorium of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. This period of the life and creativity became the most striking stage in the development of Gavrila's artistic talent. The ornamentation of created by him manuscripts was different from manner of the book decoration of his brothers Stefan and Feodor. In the scriptorium of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery Gavrila worked with brother Feodor, scribe Login Shishelov and, possibly, Cyril Novgorodets. Gavrila created manuscripts for outstanding persons of the Trinity-Sergius monastery: the treasurer Joseph Devochkin, the cellarer Abrahamy Palitsyn and the cellarer Alexander Bulatnikov, archimandrite Dionysius Zobninovsky. By 1630-1631 Gavrila took monastic vows, he became recognized as Coenobite Guri. Gavrila painted head-pieces and initials in the Early Printed style. But by this time decorative variant of the Early Printed style was formed in Gavrila's manuscript art. The ornamentation of the manuscripts was brightness, executed in color and gold. Gavrila depended on the size of books and customers, that is why the changes affected and manner of ornamentation, and the style of the master's letter.

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