Russin fine arts of the XIX century as a sourse of research cultural codes of the head and face of a person

The article is devoted to the analysis of pictorial and sculptural material in the Russian fine arts of the XIX century to reveal the content of somatic concepts "head" and "face" in the structure of the body code, which is one primary because of the ontological status of the human body as its only primordial natural given. Fine art in the structure of artistic creativity is a "mirror of life" of any human community; accumulates knowledge about the surrounding reality, ideas about cultural values and norms; the evolution of art allows us to identify and trace real changes in the public consciousness, which, on the whole, determines the high degree of informativeness and relevance of the source. For socio-cultural identification of a person, the basic element of the body surface structure is the head and its most important part - the face, whose cultural meanings and characteristics are identified with the person as a whole, his qualities and personal characteristics. In the first half of the XIX century revealed cultural codes - associated with the ideas of a worthy person as spiritually free, serving his people and the Fatherland; - with the perception of representatives of the common people as people who have dignity, spiritual depth and who have the absolute right to respect; - with ideas of the sanctity of family ties, the perception of the lives of people of different backgrounds in harmony and love on the basis of a moral duty to the family; - with the attitude to childhood as an important period in the life of a person: the child was seen by a person who has his inner world, consciousness, needs and emotions; knowing reality not so much by reason as by feelings. The works of painting and sculpture of the second half of the XIX century reveal such cultural codes as - attention to the bitter fate of the "little man", powerless in the face of social injustice, mendacity and corrupt morals; - an understanding of the disenfranchised, dependent position of a woman and her depressing existence, in particular - in the conditions of Russia's poor post-reform Russia of the XIX century; - connection between the ideas of a particular child from a simple people in a given period with thoughts of a hungry and dreary childhood, with unbearable hardships and hopeless sufferings in the surrounding cruel world; - perception of childhood as the only period in human life, due to the organic, natural prerequisites allowing one to experience the absolute sincere fullness and joy of being; - an understanding of a progressive, worthy person as ready to help his people and fight social injustice.

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