Development of social and cultural infrastructure in the cities of Western Siberia at the beginning of the XX century: a comparative analysis

The comparative analysis of development of welfare infrastructure in the cities of Western Siberia at the beginning of the 20th century is carried out. Reforms of the 1870-1890th have led to profound social changes in all spheres of public life, to need of opening of new objects of the welfare sphere. Information basis of a research was made by statistical collections on the cities of the region and other sources. The analysis of a demographic situation has shown that the first decade of the 20th century urban population in the region has grown more than by 100 thousand people. More intensively this process was observed in the Tomsk province. In this regard in development of welfare infrastructure noticeable shifts and differences were noted. A number of the cities began to be allocated on number of objects of the welfare sphere of activity: medical institutions, hotels, pubs, libraries, theaters, circuses and museums. It is established that on the level of development of system of medical care of the population, the cities of both provinces considerably lagged behind the cities of the central part of the country. And with the general growth of population the quantity of medical institutions for 1900-1914 remained practically at the same level. 1 doctor fell on 30 thousand people (the city of the Tobolsk province) and 42 thousand people (the city of the Tomsk province). Most of all doctors served in the provincial cities (Tobolsk and Tomsk), and the most difficult situation with medical personnel and the actual absence of drugstores and hospitals was observed in the small cities (Surgut, Berezov, Nary, Zmeinogorsk). The Tomsk province considerably surpassed in the level of development of hotel economy Tobolsk. Total number of hotels and inns for 1904-1912 has increased by 1,5 times. Traktirny institutions in the cities of the Tomsk province are 3 times more, than in Tobolsk that was caused by a difference in demographic development. Extremely low indicator was noted on the level of development of library science. In two provinces there were only 19 libraries, reading rooms 13 and reading rooms 2. The number of library institutions by 1912 in provinces was leveled. It is established that cultural leisure in the cities of provinces for 1904 was represented by only 9 institutions: theaters, circuses, clubs, scenes and museums. Their total by 1912 has increased to 43. It is shown that the official statistics didn't consider temporary social institutes and also objects incorporating a complex of divisions. Thus, in development of welfare infrastructure in the cities of Western Siberia many common features were traced though were also excellent. The Tomsk province as surpassed in number of inhabitants, and objects of welfare infrastructure, and "filling0 of cultural leisure Tobolsk. In the Tobolsk province such centers were Tobolsk, Tyumen and Kurgan, in Tomsk - Barnaul, Novonikolayevsk and Tomsk.

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