Ukrainian village in Siberia: the dynamics of building traditions

The article is devoted to the study of one of the most important components of ethnic culture -dwelling. The subject of the research are the traditions and dynamics applied to the construction of a farmholding on the example of the reformed Ukrainians who were resettled in the territory of the modern Tomsk region Novorozhdestvensky and Bolshoy Tatosh - the only settlements of compact residence of Ukrainians, preserved in the region. The basis for the study are the field materials in the specified settlements, as well as information from the archives and data published in the literature. A characteristic of the technology of construction of a dwelling, set of biggings and interior design since the beginning of the XX century is given before the beginning of the XXI century. During the development of new lands, the settlers were forced to equip their life, build houses, sometimes temporary. The terrain for the creation of settlements was chosen picturesque, with an abundance of coniferous forests and a river. Initially, when building a dwelling, Ukrainians were guided by the building traditions that had developed in their homeland over the centuries - clay was the material for building the walls, and straw for the roof. However, over time, they were replaced by a wood - material for a building that was more justified for Siberian conditions and available in the area. The dynamics of the exterior decoration of a dwelling house manifested itself in the initial use of clay and lime in clay, and then in the log house, then completely abandoning the trimming of the log house and moving to decorating with boards and painting the exterior facade of the building. The changes affected the interior of the dwelling. The house, consisting of 3-4 rooms was heated by a stove, which was actually built in the center of the building. Thus, the heat was evenly distributed throughout the rooms. The familiar for Ukraine wall painting has been changed by more restrained decorations from embroidery and photographs on the walls. Nevertheless, the construction of a farmholding has not changed in the Siberian conditions, a set of biggings built in the courtyard, surrounded on all sides by a solid fence, has been preserved. At present, houses built by resettlers and their descendants are rapidly rebuilding or destroyed.

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