Architectural space of the new time: dynamics and organizational features

Studying and understanding the ways of space organization, as well as the dynamics of it throughout history is relevant, since it allows us to understand how and why people organize their lives one way or the other. The purpose of this article is to analyze the specifics of understanding and organizing space in the XIX-XX centuries and to identify the interrelations between the way people viewed the world and organized their space, both at a level of a separate building and at a level of organization of the external environment (a city, a street, a yard). Since antiquity, the only measure of space was a human being, and therefore it was centric. The views of space started to form in connection with the movement of a man into the distance, deep into nature - away from himself. The middle ages brought a change in the perception of the world: from horizontal point of view to the vertical one, and that was confirmed by architecture: high cathedrals, town hall buildings, bell towers and castles being built. During this period space acquires an orderly and strictly hierarchical order. During the Renaissance space became a commensurable with a man, which was reflected in the return to the domination of the horizontal view on the space organization: architecture once again became anthropocentric. Unlike linear space during Renaissance period, the space of the New Era is built on the axial principle. This principle of organization predetermined the fixation of the attention at a single point, causing all the space to be viewed from one angle, making it homogenous and unified because of it. The world or globalization is characterized by a change of basic values, the transition from statics to dynamics, from the space of places where one could stop and feel peace to the space of flows and connections that never stop moving and that are constantly replenished with new faces and objects. Postmodern architecture is not only a function and a structure, but also a means of communication. The main tendency of space organization in the architecture of the first half of the 20^th century was the separation of the basic life processes and, at the same time, the establishment of the necessary connection between them in a building. To better understand the space organization of the XIX-XX centuries, we can state the transition from a unified, absolute space, viewed from a single angle, to a unified space observed from multiple points of view, to a space divided into separate self-contained sectors that simulate reality and its objects. It can also be noted that the New Age and its architecture has been developing in the environment created by other, new generations, and as a result, it is the environment that begins to dictate to society how to move in a public and personal space. As for old buildings and change in their semantic meaning: the space has turned from a material container for living and acting inside to a space of social relations and communication.

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