The principles of the organization of public recreational areas in the city waterfront territories

The authors address the problem of development of the city waterfront territories. Hence the focus is on the basic principles of the organization of public recreational areas located within the zones with special terms of territory use, for instance the water protection zone. The relevance of the interest is generally caused by two reasons. Firstly, due to the analysis of the domestic waterfronts it seems reasonable to point out that the problem of public services improvement and creation of comfortable human environment remains vital for many cities in Russia. Secondly, there is an absence of architectural and artistic complexity in terms of overall urban design of coastal spaces which also needs to be emphasized. The article aims to reveal basic principles of public waterfront design in cities. The hypothesis of the study is based on the following statement: protection and preservation of the ecological framework of urban environment is an important factor affecting improvement of waterfront territories, consideration of which must be conducted alongside with the design and construction processes. The study is carried out on the material of the domestic and foreign experience in design solutions and existing public recreation areas. First of all, there is an observation of the domestic approaches in improvement of waterfront territories followed by the analysis of the examples of worldwide experience in the design of recreational areas. Furthermore, there is the description of the main methods, principles, prospective directions in building of working process and architectural-aesthetic features of each considering design. The analysis of the city public recreational areas allows to state that coastal spaces incorporate either an aesthetic aspect of the creation of architectural environment or principles of organization of public recreation within the zones with special terms of territory use, particularly the water protection zone. Moreover, creation of the barrier-free human environment is another important factor in terms of functional processing in waterfront design. Lastly, while meeting modern trends and emphasizing historical identity, design of architectural environment also plays a significant role in the waterfront design. The overall statements are supported by the analysis of design solutions which are the following: the Moscow-river's area in Moscow; the design of the waterfront recreational area in Alushta; the conception of the territory development alongside Black river from Lanskiy bridge to Bogotirskiy prospect; the waterfront reconstruction of Volga river in Samara; the complex planning of development of the “water facade” in New York City; the waterfront arear HafenCity in Hamburg; the design of the Tet river's waterfront in Perpignan in France; the design of the coastal space alongside Saint Lawrence river in Quebec in Canada.

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