The Influence of Psychoanalysis on the Cinema of the twentieth century

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the study of the unconscious activity of the human psyche and its role in the cultural development of mankind for many years remains in the forefront of psychological science in connection with the specific role, which, as convincingly shown in the works of representatives of psychoanalytic direction, play unconscious processes in all mental life. Psychoanalysis is one of the most important factors in the development of culture in the twentieth century, in particular the art of cinema. Modern tendencies to integration of different fields of knowledge and synthesis of arts contribute to active development and assimilation of psychoanalysis by modern science. The article proved the influence of the psychoanalytic concept on the works of cinematography on the example of massively popular films. A whole array of films of the twentieth century to some extent represent the unconscious and psychoanalytic in General. Film art is a favorite field for applying the concepts of psychoanalysts. Psychoanalytic analysis of films has become a common practice . First of all, we note the influence of classical Freudianism on the cinematography of German expressionism, and “through” it - on the formation of a new direction - horror films and “suspense”-films. This interaction is particularly relevant in the 1960s, during the so-called “sexual revolution”, which itself was in many ways the “brainchild” of Freud's theories popularity (F. Fellini, P. Pazolini, M. Forman). Then the influence of psychoanalysis on cinema gradually deepened. The influence of the ideas of the unconscious on the film was so great that a contemporary classic of neofreudism (J. Lacan, S. Zizek) has built his psychoanalytic concept, it is on the cinematographic material. There were some mass popular films that were often the most adequate “representatives” of psychoanalytic ideas. A. Hitchcock was one of the first who widely used the technique of demonstrating the emotional state of the characters by large - scale images of their eyes at the time of a particular emotion-fear, awe, anxiety, horror. The researchers see in Hitchcock films the embodiment of “Oedipal” (the term Freud) fantasies, as well as the “catharsis effect“, closely related to the psychoanalytic practice of the study of the unconscious: this concept of"“ catharsis”is widely used to describe the “purifying” nature of psychotherapeutic impact. The film “Matrix” caused a lively discussion between representatives of the “Frankfurt” and “lakan” psychoanalysis, dispersed in his “psychoanalytic assessment”. There is no dispute, however, that the idea of the unconscious in the film plays a huge role. Finally, the franchise “Harry Potter” has generated many psychoanalytic interpretations, made the so-called “Potteriana psychological”. The main attention is drawn to the pronounced in the film epic “Oedipus” material. The same consistently expressed motive we find in the super popular blockbuster “Star wars” and in “the first Russian blockbuster” - “Night watch” and “Day watch”. In General, it can be stated that the influence of psychoanalytic tradition laid down by Sigmund Freud and actively developed by his followers on cultural development and even on human thinking in the XX and XXI centuries is very great. This influence is widely spread throughout Western culture, including in the framework of art. The basic provisions of psychoanalysis in one or another creative interpretation can be traced in art, literature, cinema and theater. Without a doubt, the influence of psychoanalysis on culture will continue in the future.

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