Representation of the Russian-Chinese tradeoftheend of the XVIII -first half of the XIX century in the Kyakhta Local History museum named after academician V.A. Obruchev

The purpose of this article is to examine the process of the beginning of the formation of the collection of the Kyakhta Local History Museum named after Academician V.A. Obruchev. The significance of the Troitskosavsko-Kyakhtinsky Amur Branch of the Russian Geographical Society and the role of local entrepreneurs, that is, merchants in the collection and replenishment of museum collections according to the results of expeditionary research are shown. Through authentic museum exhibits, the history of Russian-Chinese economic relations is presented as a vivid example of trade, mainly tea in the late 18th and first half of the 19th centuries. Shows the birth of the Great Great Tea Road. Based on various sources of materials from the first museum in Western Transbaikalia (present-day Buryatia), the author shows the ability of the museum to represent and interpret tea production and tea trade between the two states, Russia and China. With the help of museum objects, a specific historical reality is modeled. Exhibiting the originals, the museum shows the importance of trade between two neighboring states in solving geopolitical tasks, namely the establishment of the territorial boundaries of the state, access to the countries of the East Asian range, the settlement of the vast territory of Transbaikalia. At the same time, the Kyakhta outpost was assigned a special diplomatic mission. In addition, the history of Russian customs and border services is clearly traced through the development of Kyakhta. The author reveals the features of the smuggling of tea in Kyakhta in the first half of the nineteenth century. The formation of the trade infrastructure of the city is shown. The culture of everyday life, household culture of citizens which was significantly influenced by the following factors: the right of self-government, which was not in any other city of Russia, many foreigners, the British mission, the presence of exiled Decembrists, famous scientists and researchers travelers. All this gave Kyakhta a unique and peculiar atmosphere. At the same time, all of the above, unwittingly formed distinctive customs and manners in the everyday life of citizens. The representativeness of museum items can significantly expand the original base of the study, which is expressed not only in written archival documents, but also in various material and visual sources, as well as in disclosing the importance of Kyakhta's activities and commercial activities related to trade infrastructure, not only on the scale individual states, but also the world economy in the first half of the 19th century.

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