Interpretation of the Orphic plot in E. Schwartz's poetry

Relevance of the study. E. Schwartz's appeal to the myth of Orpheus in different periods of her creative work testifies to the fundamental importance of the Orphic plot for the poet and makes it relevant to study the nature of its interpretation in her poetry in connection with the need to reconstruct the constants of culture in modern literature. Purpose. To investigate the nature of the interpretation of the Orphic plot and the image of Orpheus in the poetry of E. Schwartz. Tasks. To reveal the elements of Orpheus's plot in E. Schwartz's poems, to interpret its different levels, to determine the semantics and functions of the allusions associated with the central image. Methods. The basis of the study is comparative-typological, semiotic and culturological methods. Research result. Schwartz cosmogony is a model of human relations with the world, in which the comparison and identification of the lyrical hero with Orpheus is motivated by the need to check the existence of God in himself. This fusion of the poet and God is temporary and is understood as part of a universal cosmogonic process: the artistic universe is created by the poet as a Godman. The human in that the identification is undergoing a painful metamorphosis. In the philosophical and poetic interpretation of Schwartz Orphic story can be divided into several levels. The layer of catabasis acquires a special meaning in connection with the Schwartz personal myth, in which the metaphysical and created worlds are interconnected as a cause and consequence. Events in the metaphysical world give rise to the emergence of the created world, and redemption and salvation of demons, fallen angels is possible only in the latter. This personal metaphysical myth is polemicizing with Orphic dualism, which suggesting that the soul is enclosed in the body as in a grave, and that man is endowed with both a titanic and divine nature at the same time. Schwartz interprets the soteriological level in his own way in the Orphic plot, offering the concept of salvation of fallen souls, demons, for whom human life (a person they need to go through, as through a ring) is a test and an opportunity to be saved, to connect with God. The ontological level of interpretation of the Orphic plot in Schwartz poetry includes the universal problems of life-death-rebirth as a constant of being. The anthropological level of interpretation of the Orphic plot explores the problem of sacrifice and self-sacrifice, human mortality and the will to knowledge and creativity. The poet's interpretation as a translator of transcendent meanings into the human language determines the position of the lyrical subject and the spatial vertical of the artistic world of Schwartz. Conclusions. In the philosophical and poetic interpretation of E. Schwartz Orphic plot reveals several levels, embodying the ontological, anthropological, soteriological and cultural representations of the poet about the universe and the world, the place of the Creator and the poet as cultural agents. Elements of the orphic plot appear as ambivalent cultural constants associated with catabasis as a sacred sacrifice and soteriology, they receive from the poet semantic connotations other than in orphism. The image of vision-madness-inspiration, complemented by the image of the disease, becomes the dominant feature of Schwartz texts, interpreting the plot of Orpheus. When creating the image of Orpheus, E. Schwartz does not use individual motifs of the Orphic plot, but the whole concept of Orpheus, including the most archaic and mysterious strata. Orpheus is interpreted by E. Schwartz in the coordinates of the solar cult of Apollo and his functions as God of the lyre, the God patron of poetry. His archaic features are ambivalent and associated with chthonism. Opposition and synthesis of Apollonian and Dionysian principles, and shamanism as the basis of poetry are fundamentally important for Schwartz.

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